God And Descartes Essays - Epistemology, Ren Descartes, Thought

God And Descartes May 25th, 2000 Descartes sets about proving the existence of God through his meditations on knowledge in an effort to prove the skeptics of his time wrong. He first determines that human knowledge is based entirely too much on unproved presuppositions. He argues that this makes it difficult to distinguish between truth and error, since we cannot recognize true knowledge. Descartes proposes that the quest for knowledge must be based upon universal doubt. Specifically, he proposes the following in relation to his universal methodic doubt: 1. In order to seek truth, it is necessary once in the course of our life, to doubt, as far as possible, of all things. 2. We ought also to consider as false all that is doubtful. 3. We ought not meanwhile to make use of doubt in the conduct of life... 4. Why we may doubt of sensible things. 5. Why we may also doubt of mathematical demonstrations. 6. We cannot doubt of our existence while we doubt, and this is the first knowledge we acquire when we philosophize in order. Descartes proceeded to strip away his knowledge base in order to determine the one indubitable fact, "Cogito, ergo sum". From this absolute knowledge of his own existence, he set about deducing the existence of God through ontological argument. ? In our minds, the idea of God is one of an infinitely perfect Being ? An infinitely perfect being must have existence, otherwise it would not be infinitely perfect. ? Therefore, God exists. In proving the existence of God, Descartes set the groundwork for determining that God created man. He further postulated that God, being infinitely perfect and not a deceiver, could not have provided man with the deceptive powers of knowledge. Therefore, man's mental faculties are determined to be trustworthy provided we separate what there is of clear and distinct in the knowledge from what is obscure and confused. Using this reasoning, man must discard all previous knowledge which is doubt-ridden, all sensory-based knowledge (as perceptions can be misleading), and all intellection. As a result, skepticism is removed and valid knowledge possible. Descartes primary purpose was the defense of human knowledge against the attacks of the skeptics. He was justified in excluding preconceived notions, presuppositions, and traditions in determining the limits of knowledge. Descartes discarded the ability of the mind to know truth and the human abilities of contradiction and sufficient reason. In doing so, he made a solution to the problem impossible. As it relates to his theory of the existence of God, Descartes universal doubt refutes his own conclusion as to God's existence. Descartes formed an idea of God as an infinitely good being. He would have had to discover this idea within his own mind. According to his principle of universal doubt, he cannot simply know whether his conception of God is correct or incorrect. He would have, as a matter of his own principle, considered it as false until proven otherwise. Therefore, since the idea of God is in doubt, the trustworthiness of man's reasoning must also be doubtful and Descartes cannot escape his own real doubt. Descartes uses a process of reasoning, a mathematical formulae, in attempting to demonstrate God's existence. If his reasoning is of demonstrably doubtful validity, how can Descartes demonstrate God's existence? The validity of Descartes reasoning is supposed to flow as a consequence of the infinite perfection of God; and God's infinite perfect is made certain through Descartes' reasoning powers before he has even proven that these reasoning powers are valid and trustworthy. Descartes assumes the very thing beforehand which he intends to prove afterwards. (Begging the question). Descartes accepts the trustworthiness of his faculties in demonstrating the existence and infinite perfection of God, and that is illegitimate. A doubtfully valid faculty will produce a doubtfully valid argument which will, in turn, produce a doubtfully valid conclusion. The entire argument for God's existence is therefore nullified by a suspect reasoning process. Since he proves the reliability of his reason and process by means of God's veracity, the proof of his reliability cannot be established beyond doubt. Thus, Descartes attempt to vindicate the validity of human knowledge failed, because, by rejecting the reliability of his own powers to discover and know truth, he made it impossible for himself to remove himself from his own universal doubt. Further, Descartes has marked inconsistencies in the manner in which he applies his procedure. He purports to reject everything in his pursuit of fundamental knowledge, even principles of contradiction and sufficient reason. In reality, he does not. He assumes

Essay of Wings of the Dove essays

Essay of Wings of the Dove essays Beautiful Kate Croy, who is still a young lady, has been left penniless by her relatives, with the loss of her mother and two brothers. Kate had lived with her wealthy widowed aunt, Mrs. Maud Manningham Lowder, since her mother fs death. She meets her wretched reprobate father, Lionel Croy, to offer him to live together and take care of him in England. However, he insisted that she should not come to him and rather stay with Aunt Maud. Aunt Maud has sharp interventions and is prodigious, that Lionel, and also Kate fs impoverished widowed sister, and Mrs. Marian Croy Condrip obeys to whatever she says. Marian encourages Kate to follow Maud fs wishes, hoping that she will have future financial benefit for her, as well. Kate has inherited a small amount income from her mother. Lionel is concerned whom she will share that income. There is an invisible wall between Lionel and Marian. He cares and cherishes Kate more than Marian, so he does not want to see the income being shared with Marian. Kate was told by Marian, that Aunt Maud was trying to make Lord Mark to marry Kate, though she has a boyfriend, Merton Densher who is a journalist. She met him at a party, and is passionately in love with now. He has the important aspects as a good man, yet in no way, he has the aspect of becoming wealthy. Aunt Maud certainly is not happy with him. In her eyes, he isn ft good enough for Kate. She expects a  ggreat man h for Kate fs husband. Maud plans to write him, but she is stopped by Kate that she should first meet him. Merton visits Lancaster Gate, Maud fs overly ornate residence. She doesn't act as Merton expected. In fact, she was bland and calm. She liked him because he was simply good. She doesn ft forbid his association with Kate though, but mentions that Kate would marry another man, a great a man. Merton makes plans to go on a journalist assignment in America. Feeling lonely, Kate proclaims her deep love and engages herself ...

Aspirin Use and Pancreatic Cancer Mortality in a large United States Essay

Aspirin Use and Pancreatic Cancer Mortality in a large United States Cohort - Essay Example Jacobs et al. examined the association between these two through the Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS II), a large group of U. S. adults. In the past, aspirin use had been shown to decrease the risk of colon, stomach, and esophageal cancer in the same group. The group consisted of 1,184,588 people in all, with 508,318 males and 676,270 females who came from all U.S. states as well as the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico (Jacobs et al. 2004, p. 524). In 1982, the group completed a four page questionnaire that gave data regarding â€Å"demographics characteristics and various behavioral, environmental, occupational, and dietary factors† (Jacobs et al., 2004, p. 524-525). In 1982, 1984, 1986 and 2000 follow ups were conducted to see if the group members were alive or dead. It was found that 28.1% of them had died and 0.2% could not be traced, whereas 71.7% were alive. A few of the participants had been excluded from the study based on their cancer history, cigarette smoking, o r missing data on aspirin use. Resultantly, 987,590 participants were left, out of which 4577 died from pancreatic cancer (Jacobs et al., 2004, p. 525). Statistics were gathered using the information given by the participants in their 1982 questionnaires, and the Cox model of proportional hazards was used to analyze the ratio of deaths caused by pancreatic cancer, and other potential risk factors, for instance cigarette smoking, dietary habits and family history of pancreatic cancer, were adjusted in the findings (Jacobs et al., 2004, p. 525). The frequency of aspirin intake was also taken into account, and it was discovered that most of those who took aspirin regularly, i.e. more than 30 times a month, were older and white, just like the majority of participants, who were mostly middle aged or elderly and white (Jacobs et al., 2004, p. 526). The results showed that there was no relationship between aspirin use and pancreatic cancer mortality. The result was similar

Family Law Degree Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Family Law Degree - Essay Example This is clear from the Matrimonial Causes Act of 1973. In this case, Naomi may file a petition for ancillary relief, in particular an order for maintenance pending suit pursuant to 2.53 of The Family Proceeding Rules 1991. It must be made clear that though a divorce terminates a marriage, it does not terminate the relations of the spouse to each other, in the sense that the court may validly order one spouse to financially support the other, particularly if there is a disparity in financial resources. Upon receipt of the application for ancillary relief, the court fixes a first appointment and then provides notice to both parties, particularly to the spouse from whom support is demanded. This is to ensure that the requirements of due process are met. Interim orders may also be made by the court in cases wherein the immediate financial assistance is needed. Naomi can avail of this remedy to ensure that her needs are met and she receives uninterrupted support. Of course, Naomi must present evidence to prove that she is indeed in need of financial support. This is to prevent turning an already-painful divorce process into an opportunistic game. The evidentiary requirements may be found in the Family Proceeding Rules 1991. Pursuant to these Rules - 2.58-(1)A ... General provisions as to evidence etc on application for ancillary relief 2.58-(1)A petitioner or respondent who has applied for ancillary relief in his petition or answer and who intends to proceed with the application before a district judge shall, subject to rule 2.6 7, file a notice in Form M 1 3 and within four days after doing so serve a copy on the other spouse. (2)Where an application is made for ancillary relief, not being an application to which rule 2.61 applies, the notice in Form M I I or M 1 3, as the case may be, shall unless otherwise directed be supported by an affidavit by the applicant containing full particulars of his property and income, and stating the facts relied on in support of the application. (3)Within 28 days after the service of an affidavit under paragraph (2) or within such other time as the court may fix, the respondent to the application shall file an affidavit in answer containing full particulars of his property and income. Naomi may also petition the Court for an issuance of a maintenance order, which will allow Joshua to pay her in increments. A maintenance order may be nominal or specific. It is nominal if there is uncertainty as to the capacity to pay of the respondent and there is a need to keep the action alive. It is specific if definite dates have been set. Moreover, though Naomi and Joshua have been married for only through years, the she is entitled to the same rights as a spouse after a long-term marriage. This is clear in a very recent House of Lords decision. In the case of Miller v. Miller (2006 UKHL 24), the Court held that the benchmark for division should be equal shares, and the length of a marriage should not be a consideration. Three main considerations should be looked upon - financial needs,

Questionaire Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Questionaire - Assignment Example The team is up against so many difficulties including lynch mobs of white people, arrest and near riot. Despite all those obstacles, the team finally manages to win a debate against a Harvard team that had a myriad of advantages. Cultural identities are constructed by human beings as a direct result of the experiences undergone by certain people or groups as well as the beliefs held by a specific group of persons. Through experiences and beliefs, people form attitudes that skew them towards associating with people from one culture or their own culture. Universally, people or groups of people have fears they harbor about certain cultures, hence making it difficult for them to associate. These fears lead to stereotypes which fuel cultural conflicts as people differ over worldviews and national cultures. http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2014/01/social_darwinism_and_class_essentialism_the_rich_think_they_are_superior.html the key theme here is social Darwinism, where the rich have the thought that they are superior to others. 3. Most of us have experienced privilege in some form (race, gender, age, looks, social class, status, etc.). What is privilege? Give examples describing how someone benefitted from privilege and how another has â€Å"lost out† because of someone else’s privilege. You may use personal or observed examples, but do not use hypothetical ones. According the Merriam Webster online dictionary, privilege is defined as a right or benefit that is given to some people and not to others. People may get privileges based on race, political inclinations as well as employment affiliations. In my own experience, I have seen a white man served first though he was at the rear end of the line while the others get to wait. In another instance, I witnessed a senior government official get away with over speeding without even a ticket due to his position. Finally,

PESTEL and SWOT analysis of Honda Motor Co ltd

PESTEL and SWOT analysis of Honda Motor Co ltd Honda Motor Co., Ltd., together with its subsidiaries, engages in the development, manufacture, and distribution of motorcycles, automobiles, and power products primarily in North America, Europe, and Asia. Its motorcycle line consists of business and commuter models, as well as sports models, including trial and moto-cross racing; all-terrain vehicles; personal watercrafts; and multi utility vehicles. The company also produces various automobile products, including passenger cars, minivans, multi-wagons, sport utility vehicles, and mini cars; and power products comprising tillers, portable generators, general-purpose engines, grass cutters, outboard marine engines, water pumps, snow throwers, power carriers, power sprayers, lawn mowers and lawn tractors, home-use cogeneration units, thin film solar cells home use, and public and industrial uses. In addition, it sells spare parts and provides after sales services are through retail dealers, as well as involves in retail lending, leas ing to customers, and other financial services, such as wholesale financing to dealers. The company was founded in 1946 and is based in Tokyo, Japan. http://uk.finance.yahoo.com/q/pr?s=HMC FINANCIAL STATEMENT http://world.honda.com/investors/annualreport/2009/pdf/honda09ar-all-e.pdf There is another table for financial statement is more details at the bellowing: Note: The consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended March 31, 2009, have been translated into U.S. dollars at the rate of  ¥98.23=U.S.$1, the approximate exchange rate prevailing on the Tokyo Foreign Exchange Market on March 31, 2009. Those U.S. dollar amounts presented in the consolidated financial statements and related notes are included solely for the reader. This translation should not be construed as a representation that all the amounts shown could be converted into U.S. dollars. http://world.honda.com/investors/annualreport/2009/pdf/honda09ar-all-e.pdf The chart at the above are shows that net sales from year 2005 onward to 2008 is keep on rising but 2009 have depreciated. The sales have declines in North America, Japan and certain other markets. The main reason to make 2009 depreciated is because of North America have all-new competitors had a positive effect, but, as a result of the deterioration in the real economy triggered by the financial crisis, total unit sales declined. Management overview Honda has been minimize environmental impact in their products of engine plant which is waste management, noise management and supplier management. Honda UK management are encouraged all the departments to follow the waste hierarchy with all waste stream due to wasted materials can be their burden in their company profits end of the years. The hierarchy is to minimize, re-use, recycle, incinerate and finally controlled disposal. Noise is generated by Honda UK management from a number of processes, eg, the steel pressing, air conditioning systems and contractor operations. Internal noise is controlled through safety legislation to ensure the protection of our associates. External noise modelling is carried out across the site to confirm the noise levels at the boundary are in compliance with planning consents. Honda is reliant on the support of suppliers. Therefore, Honda want to get more support from UK to assists their product to sell out more. Honda current situation has more than 200 parts and materials suppliers based both in the UK and all over the world. All are required to achieve certification to a recognized that standard the registration. MISSION STATEMENT Honda maintaining a global viewpoint, we are dedicated to supplying products of the highest quality, yet at a reasonable price for worldwide customer satisfaction. Other than that, Honda have say that dreams inspire us to create innovative products that enhance mobility and benefit society. To meet the particular needs of customers in different regions around the world, we base our sales networks, research and development centers and manufacturing facilities in each region. Furthermore, as a socially responsible corporate citizen, we strive to address important environmental and safety issues. MARKET VALUES Honda had offer car insurance in UK which is Honda GAP insurance to increase their market value. Usually, people from UK buy car insurance are not able to claim all the payment to cover their original car cost. For examples, people bought normal insurance for the car around 14 thousand pounds plus 1 year warranty plus claim, so when they wanted to claim insurance for their car is only 10 thousand can be claimed. Opposite, Honda Gap insurance are offers customers to claim all the car cost. There are some pictures at the bellowing to show that how much Honda Gap insurance can be claim. http://www.honda.co.uk/cars/finance/personalfinance/gapinsurance/ MARKET SHARE Reader Request: December 2009 Market Share As you can see Honda market share in 2009 is 10.4% and the sales are 107,143 compare to last year is increase 0.8%. GM is one of the leading cars company in UK. GM are produced Opel/ Vauxhall brands. The second in the ranking board is Toyota/Lexus. The third is Ford. Honda is on the fourth in the ranking board. As you can see the volume change % of Honda has increase 24.46%. SECTOR TRENDS Due to global economic crisis, some company in UK wanted to reduce employee in their company for cut down their budget because of employee wages are too high and waste management in their company. Too many expenses to be their burden to take care. Therefore, they decided to cut down employee. Due to most of the people are jobless in UK. It will affect that consumer could not apply loan with bank, many of the service industry business are affected by this economic crisis. Besides that, Honda sales automatically will be affected as well. PESTLE POLITICAL FACTORS Due to UK government had proposal that limit number of cars being sold in the country. Honda sales would affect by this issue and couldnt manufacture more number of cars compare to previously. UK consumers pay higher pre-tax prices for cars than anyone else in the Europe. UK government was keen to attract foreign firms to invest in UK. Honda investing in UK as initial stake in rover. ECONOMIC FACTORS Exchange rate from  £ to Yen. Due to UK and Japan exchange rate are not stable always and it would affect Hondas cars price not stable. Income rising means that consumer income rising and their purchasing power have increase. Honda has kept up with this by introducing new models of car to go on sale this year. Due to global cost of petrol keep on rising to make consumers to struggling in their economic problem. Therefore, Honda introducing more economical cars and eco-friendly technology cars such as 1.4 Honda Jazz and Honda Civic Hybrid. SOCIAL FACTORS Social factors include the demographic and cultural aspects of the external macroenvironment. These factors affect customer needs and the size of potential markets. Some social factors include: In UK, consumers have a strong beliefs in their local brand instead of other country brand such as Japanese brand Honda, Toyota and etc. Therefore, Honda wanted to change their beliefs in introducing ego-friendly cars which is Honda Civic Hybrid. Language barriers Honda is moving to worldwide business so they deal in the English language easy for customer to understand. In UK, cars product are not too expensive as in other high tax country. Therefore, consumers rather to purchase high quality automobiles from western country such as BMW, BENZ, BENTLY and etc. Technological factors Technological factors show how the trend helps the business Nowadays, people too rely on GPS( Global Positioning System) to search a location they want to go due to GPS had developed by new technology. Therefore, Honda cars have had to include Satelite Navigation System in their newer models. Environmentally friendly cars Honda developed i-vtec, which is a follow on from their infamous vtec engines. The vi-tec engine provides fuel economy, ample torque and clean emissions. According to (Honda website) Honda has always been passionate in innovating technology and challenging boundaries of mobility advancements. It is our continuous commitment in providing joy of mobility for communities all over the world with our innovations in safety, environment and advanced mobility. As you can see at economic factors at above, which is cost of petrol price keep on rising in Malaysia. Therefore, Honda has been engaged in eco-friendly technology for a better, more sustainable future. The result of the Civic Hybrid is combining fuel efficiency and eco-friendly technology with fun diving. LEGAL FACTORS Due to employment laws in UK, employee working hours and the wages. Working hours in UK standard are 8 hours per day and minimum wages are  £5.93 per hours. Due to this situation, company could be affected because of high wages in a company. UK government has proposed all the company workplace must be as safe as is reasonably practical. They cover issues such as training, reporting accidents and the appropriate of safety equipment to make sure employee are in safety situation. ENVIRONMENT FACTORS Due to global warming of less petroleum to be found in country of produce petroleum, petrol price are keep on rising. Therefore, Honda introducing ego-friendly technology cars such as Honda Hybrid to protect global warming. UK have different weather and climate in a years. Change in temperature can impact on cars engine difficult to start when weather is cold and engine easy to overheat when weather is hot. Therefore, Honda had developed different engine in different country due to weather and climate problem. COMPETITORS SITUATION In UK cars brand have a lot competitors. But I am taking Ford to compare with Honda. In the situation of Ford Company, Ford is leading in the UK of cars sales. Ford Company was founded by Henry Ford in 1903. Ford is a multinational company as well. They have a strength in western company due to Ford is produced by US and western consumers have a strong beliefs in this company because of the car price are affordable compare to other western country brand of cars. SWOT ANALYSIS OF COMPETITOR Ford Company STRENGTH -online marketing capability, Ford is providing consumers to select their car through the website and allow to customize the interior, exterior and engine color and etc. -Ford have more consumer choice which is commercial vehicle and variety of cars for consumer. WEAKNESSES -company cut down employee to run down their costs. -low productivity due to management missing focus on some line performance because of Ford had expended their business into different area. OPPORTUNITIES -consumers have a strong beliefs toward Ford in western country -hybrid vehicles Ford Motor Company had expected by year 2010 half of the cars switch to hybrid cars to protect the global warming of petroleum. THREATS -high level of competitors in UK such as Honda, Toyota and etc. -low capital spending due to economic crisis, Ford had cut down employee to run down their costs and lower their cost in RD department. Therefore, Ford have threaten in this issues. Honda Company STRENGTH -Honda introducing new models which is eco-friendly technology cars. For examples, Honda Hyrid. -Honda introducing more save fuel car to change consumers beliefs. WEAKNESSES -Honda has Recalls number of cars for the brake problem to affect their reputation. -Honda sales declined due to economic crisis from year 2008 to 2009. OPPORTUNITIES -Honda business is attack into western country such as UK, US and etc. -Honda had developed an Asimo in their RD department due to technology advance in Japan. THREATS -consumers hardly to change their beliefs from their western country brand swtich to japanese brand. -competitors are investing to Hybrid cars. OBJECTIVES- SMART OBJECTIVES FOR BRANDING AND PROMOTIONAL Specific Create more advertisement to increase brand awareness of Honda Civic Hybrid To give out free gifts when consumers come to test drive To organize road show event to increase brand awareness Measurable To increase quality service of Honda To target 1000 consumers to fill up surveys after test drive to understand consumers needs and wants. Achievable It is possible to achieve if the gifts to exchange the result of consumers to know what is the quality of the cars. Realistic Honda has 4200 employee and enough capital to handle it. Time by end of 2010, Honda Civic Hybrid recognized by consumers and increase brand image. OBJECTIVES FOR GROWTH Specific Increase the service centre in UK Increase service level toward customers Measurable To enhance service level to customers compare to previous years To increase brand attribute to consumers toward Honda compare to previous years. Achievable More service centre convenience customers to go for service their car. High quality service can give confident of the brand to consumers to purchase it. To give out training for employees in service area. Realistic Consumers in UK have strong purchasing power, Honda is worth to invest in expanding the service centre for their future profits. Time By 2013 years, Honda can increase the ranking board in UK. Consumers in UK change their belief toward Honda brand due to high quality service. OBJECTIVES FOR FINANCIAL Specific Increase sales in UK Aim to increase the ranking in UK. Measurable To increase 5% sales compare to previous years To increase net income Achievable To give out more advertisement and based on high quality service level to influence consumers belief toward Honda in UK to purchase Honda. Realistic More service centre and employees has go through service training can increase confident of the consumers toward the Honda. Time By 2010, Honda sales increase 5% until the service centre expanded in UK. After service centre expanded in UK, sales increase 10% onwards. http://world.honda.com/news/1998/c980611.html MARKET STRATEGIES 4P MIX STRATEGIES http://www.learnmarketing.net/marketingmix.htm Product Honda Civic Hybrid is a best green car in UK and using innovative design. It can target customers needs and wants based on the innovative design of the car. This car can known as petrol-electric car. The features of the Civic Hybrid are increased style and improved driving such as mirror integrated indicators, body coloured side protectors, 15 alloys and etc. other than that, youll find high quality fabric as standard and heated front seats with lumbar support and full leather interior. Honda Civic Hybrid is using continuously variable transmission (CVT), it can reduce noise and jerkiness and also helps reduce fuel consumption and emissions. Besides that, Honda had provide after-sales service in London Honda which is no-charge shuttles service to and from your home and highest quality technical staff to ensure your Honda is repaired right the first time and customers can always booking with the service schedule with Honda website. Price Honda in UK is using skimming pricing strategies. Honda is using skimming pricing on their product of Honda Civic Hybrid because of the highest technology eco-friendly technology are advanced and after it launched in the world, competitors could follow it. Therefore, Honda set the highest price on the car and after few years competitors have follow the trend then Honda reduce a price to afford consumers. Honda Civic Hybrid have 3 spec which is ES, ES Leather, and EX. The ES price is  £18,975, ES leather are in  £19,875 and EX are  £21,510. . Promotion Promotion can be increase brand awareness and sales. The perceptions of cars to consumers are always high-involvement product. Therefore, consumers need to consider as good as possible to purchase it. So, marketers should using pushing promotional strategy to attract consumers which is using advertisement in commercial not in a short term, at least long term advertisement keep on repeat on the commercial to attract consumers attention. Other than that, marketer can use sales force to increase sales which is organize an road show event in public to show the sample of car and put some sales agent to pull consumers. Not only have that, consumer able to booking a test driven in a period via online through Honda website in UK. Place Place is important for consumers because of how the product getting to the consumers. There are few methods to getting consumers to come over the product. There are 234 Honda dealers in UK and 2 headquarter which is Langley, and Berkshire. 2 of these headquarter are responsible to driving up the sales and brand awareness throughout UK. Therefore, consumers are convenience to go for it without worries about no dealers. Other than dealer, consumers can purchase it when Honda is lauching an road show event in any shopping mall. Forecast and Implication 3-year forecast and budgets 2009 2010 2011 2012 Profit 137,005 143,855.25 151,048.01 158,600.41 Cost 7,419,582.00 7,790,561.1 8,180,089.1 8,589,093.5 Sales 10,011,241.00 10,511,803.00 11,037,393.00 11,589,262.00 3 Year Forecast and Budget

To Kill A Mockingbird: Scene Analysis :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An important scene found in the movie To Kill A Mockingbird is a scene concerning Mr. Tate recoiling upon the outcaste, Boo Radley, and unraveling a new perception of friendship. Atticus Finch (played by Gregory Peck), his daughter Jean-Louise Finch, also known as Scout (played by Mary Badham), and Boo Radley (played by Robert Duvall) all play an important role in the scene. As scout relates what had happened, she notices a man in the corner of the bedroom behind the door. She identifies the mysterious man as the one who grabbed Mr. Ewell and carried Jem home when she says, â€Å"Why, there he is Mr. Tate. He can tell you his name . . .† The sheriff, Mr. Tate, moves the bedroom door revealing in the light a frightened, gentle, and pale Boo Radley. And as he conveys a loving look, Scout gazes at him and smiles. In the meanwhile, Atticus had already introduced Scout to Boo. Then, Scout and Boo hold hands and walk over to the side of Jem’s bed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The challenge of taking a novel and translating it into film falls into the work of the screenwriter. The Academy Award winning screenplay was faithfully adapted by screenwriter Horton Foote from the 1960 novel of the same name, To Kill A Mockingbird. For the most part, Foote utilizes Harper Lee’s words. There is, however, one noticeable formality seen in the movie and not in the book. This formality takes place when Boo appears and Atticus states, â€Å"Miss Jean-Louise . . .† Her name does not appear this way in the book but does in the movie in order to exert a certain idealistic fervor of the Finch household that belongs in every household that adults should be respectful and well-spoken.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A screenplay is entirely useless unless if there are actors to bring it to life. When Mary Badham leans against the bedpost and wraps her hands around it, she is implying that, at least at first, there is reason for Scout to fear Boo. But then Mary Badham puts her hand out towards Boo effectively inviting him back into society. And when the young six-year-old actress smiles, Robert Duvall (playing Boo) immediately enters a relaxed state which demonstrates the character’s affection and trust of children. During this time, Atticus (played by Gregory Peck) pulls out a handkerchief as a sign of nervousness, and also to imply that men feel very uncomfortable during emotional situations.

‘On My First Sonne’ by Ben Johnson and ‘Mother Any Distance’ by Simon Armitage Essay

From reading ‘On My First Sonne’ by Ben Johnson and ‘Mother Any Distance’ by Simon Armitage I can see that both of these poems are based on a parent/ child relationship. There are two main types of relationships one is where two things interact an example of this could be a car on a road. This would show us how us how the two things would fit with each other. The other type of relationship which we could have would be things such as Marriage, by Blood etc. In the Poem Mother Any Distance the relationship in it is both of those two described above because there is a relationship between the two people which is very straight forward who could be measuring and there the close relationship between the mother and son by blood. In Mother Any Distance both of the parties are still alive therefore the relationship between the two parties is able to continue, therefore the relationship between the two is able to change through out their live. Where as in On My First Sonne one of the parties is dead this then leading into a fixed relationship between the two existing in the memory of one. By looking at both of these poems I can see that the structures of these two poems are completely different. When looking at it for the first time you can clearly see that Mother Any Distance has three stanzas where as On My First Sonne there is only one stanza. By reading the poem On My First Sonne the one stanza completely makes sense, but if you just read one stanza in isolation in Mother Any Distance you can get different views about the situation depending on which stanza you read. If you read all three stanzas (as the poet intended), it changes again showing that there is a relationship between the three stanzas. In On My First Sonne you can see that there are rhyming couplets throughout the poem. Whereas in Mother Any Distance there is only two sets of rhyming couplets this is at the end of the first stanza and at the end of the third stanza which seems to finish the poem with a flourish. In this poem I can see that there are internal rhymes some of the lines rhyme and some do not. Old things such as God and fate are used in the poem On My First Sonne. This shows us that this poem is older than Mother Any Distance. In Mother Any Distance things are slightly more modern such as ‘Space Walk’. On My First Sonne there is a lot of rhetorical questions such as ‘ O, could I loose all Father, now.’ There is a use of enjambment in the one poem Mother Any Distance ‘ up the stairs, the line still feeding out, unreeling years between us. Anchor. Kite.’ This is enjambment because you could jus read the line saying ‘ up the stairs, the line still feeding out, unreeling’ this would make perfect sense in which the context it is used in but, if continue to read onto the next line without stopping it still makes sense. Both poems are clearly a conversation between the writer and the subject of the poem. Because, Ben Johnson is talking to his dead son and Simon Armitage is talking to his mother. Mother Any Distance uses a extended metaphor which is the tape measure. The ways in which he is able to do this is by explaining the emotional distance between his mother and himself and by explaining how to measure a room, ‘unreeling years between us’. In My First Sonne there is also a extended metaphor which is the loan of his child from god ‘Seven yeeres tho’wert lent to me and I thee pay’. When reading Mother Any Distance I get a powerful image of the son space walking through the empty bedrooms. The language in both of these poems is completely different this could be to the fact that they were completely different people but the main reason is due to the fact that they both lived in completely different worlds. Sonne uses words like ‘yeeres’ and ‘miserie’ which are Middle English words whereas the words in Mother are Modern English words. In Mother Any Distance the words that stood out to me where ‘Anchor. Kite.’ This stood out to me due to the fact that these two items are completely different to each other and sum up the whole poem. The words that stood out the most to me in On My First Sonne were ‘and fleshes rage,’ this caught my eye because the expression ‘fleshes rage’ is more powerful than just using the words growing old. ‘To have so soone scap’d worlds’ quoted in line 7 in On My First Sonne is alliteration. The themes of the poems are the same because they are both writing about their feelings towards a blood relative. They both express their feelings of loss towards someone for whom they feel affection. However in some ways the poems are quiet different this being due to the fact that in ‘On My First Sonne’ Ben Johnson is the father who has lost a blood relative whereas in Mother Any Distance it is the child who is losing a blood relative. The difference being is that Ben Johnson blames himself for the tragic incident because that is generally what parents do, ‘My sinne was too much hope of thee’. Simon Armitage is the child and does not blame anyone for the what is happing he just believes that it is the way of life. On My First Sonne Ben Johnson has no doubt about how he feels about his son whereas in Mother Any Distance Simon Armitage is unsure about how he feels for his mother. Both of these poems don’t really make me feel anything in particular, but I did feel some sympathy for the mother in Mother any Distance. I did feel sympathy because I think that the mother probably didn’t understand how her son was feeling about her. On the other hand I do feel some empathy for Ben Johnson in On My First Sonne this was due to the fact that I have also lost a blood relative in my life. This means that I was able to connect to the poem easily because I was able to put myself in his situation. I hope that my relative has found ‘ Rest In Soft Peace’. I had a preference for Mother Any Distance due to the fact that the language was more modern and was easier for me to understand. This was probably because it was written by a younger person and it was also written a long time after the other poem.

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