A Wrinkle In Time :: Wrinkle in Time Essays

A Wrinkle In magazine   A Wrinkle In Time is an example of great Ameri hind end literature. It is a plot-based novel with something always happening while an obstacle is standing in the way. Most of the conflict occurring in this have got is person versus self and person versus supernatural. A certain aspect that is very prevalent in this book is love. This love takes the characters on the trip of a lifetime, for the restore purpose of finding her father. This love in the background is not known by the reader until the last few pages, and ends up encompassing and explaining the whole novel.   billion Murray, the protagonist and the person from whom the reader gets their point of view, is the main character. She has a comminuted brother, Charles Wallace, and two twin brothers, Sandy and Denny. Her mother is a guiding figure at bottom the story, and serves as her daughter Megs source of ambition. We learn from reading the story that Megs father disappears from an extremel y secret scientific project, and is expected to return, but hasnt for several years. Meg can see the pain that her mother feels and the rest of the family withal about the loss of their father, and wants to help find him. All the while, feelings are mutual that their father is living, but nought knows for sure.   Characters begin to develop, and we learn that Charles Wallace and Meg Murray are very close siblings, and Charles seems to have the ability to know whenever Meg or her mother is upset. He can also answer questions directed at him by his sister, but were not actually spoken, almost as if he can read their minds. None other than little Charles Wallace demonstrates the first example of love being expressed in this novel. During the dark and stormy night that starts the book, Meg becomes afraid of the wind and the thunder, and decides to go downstairs for a cup of cocoa. Charles Wallace is already awake and has warmed the milk for the chocolate. However, this is not the o nly thing done by little Charles Wallace. You put in more than doubly enough milk. Meg peered into the saucepan. Charles Wallace nodded serenely. I thought Mother might like some (LEngle 8). He even makes sandwiches for both Mrs. Murray and Meg. Charles Wallace is only five years old, besides he knows when his sister is in need of companionship, and is happy to do things for Mrs.

Abortion Essay -- essays research papers

Abortion, termination of pregnancy before the fetus is capable of independent life. When the censure from the uterus occurs after the foetus becomes viable (capable of independent life), usually at the end of six months of pregnancy, it is technically a premature birth. In the United region, when the foetus is not born alive after 24 weeks of pregnancy it is termed a still birth.II. Types of AbortionPrint sectionAbortion may be spontaneous or induced. Expelled foetuses unhurriedness less than 0.5 kg (18 oz) or of less than 20 weeks gestation are usually considered abortions.A. Spontaneous AbortionPrint sectionIt is estimated that some 25 per cent of all merciful pregnancies terminate spontaneously in abortion, with three out of four abortions occurring during the first three months of pregnancy. Some women apparently obligate a tendency to abort, and recurrent abortion decreases the probability of subsequent successful childbirth.The causes of spontaneous abortions, or miscar riages, are not clearly established. Abnormal development of the embryo or placental tissue, or both, is arrange in about half the cases these abnormalities may be due to inherent faults in the germ cells or may be secondary to faulty nidation of the developing ovum or to other characteristics of the maternal environment. Severe vitamin deficiencies have been shown to play a role in abortions in experimental animals. Hormone deficiencies have also been found in women who are subject to recurrent abortions. Spontaneous abortions may also be caused by such maternal abnormalities as knifelike infectious diseases, systemic diseases such as nephritis and diabetes, and severe trauma. Uterine malformations, including tumours, are responsible in some instances.The most common symptom of be abortion is vaginal bleeding, with or without intermittent pain. About a quarter of all pregnant women bleed at some time during early pregnancy, however, and up to 50 per cent of these women carry the foetus to full term. Treatment for threatened abortion usually consists of bed rest. Almost continuous bed rest end-to-end pregnancy is required in some cases of repeated abortion vitamin and hormone therapy may also be given. Surgical correction of uterine abnormalities may be indicated in certain of these cases.Spontaneous abortion may result in expulsion of all or part of the contents of t... ...here abortion was permitted only to palliate a womans life contained about 20 per cent of the arenas population. Countries with moderately restrictive lawsabortions permitted to protect a womans health, to end pregnancies resulting from rape or incest, to avoid genetic or congenital defects, or in response to social problems such as unmarried status or low incomecontained some 40 per cent of the worlds population. Abortions at the womans request, usually with limits based on physical conditions such as duration of pregnancy, were allowed in countries with nearly 40 per cent of the wo rlds population. In the United States, legislation followed the world trend.Abortion is il healthy in many Roman Catholic and Islamic countries, although it may be carried out in cases where the mothers life is immediately at risk. It is legal in France and Italy, but illegal throughout Ireland. In England, Wales, and Scotland abortion has, since the 1967 Abortion Act, been free on demand and is available on the National Health Service. A woman seeking an abortion has to secure the agreement of two doctors rather than just onethe only medical procedure in the United Kingdom where this is required.

High Divorce Rate Essay -- essays research papers

Do you know that our divorce rate in the States is 50%? This means that 50% of all marriages in America destruction in divorce. This means that more than hundreds of people are getting divorced right at this moment. You may ask, what are the divorce rates in America for first marriage, vs. second or third marriage? 50% of first marriages, 67% of second and 74% of third marriages end in divorce, according to Jennifer baker of the Forest Institute of Professional Psychology in Springfield, Missouri. This means that more people are getting divorced on their third marriage. Divorce is the chastening of a couples commitment to their marital and family roles. Parents may think about their childrens well being in deciding whether or not to split, but its very out of date that parents will ask their children about it prior to making a decision. During and following a divorce, there a number of issues parents will usually face. Parents cant just eliminate divorce because they will ca use children to have emotional pain. When parents make a decision to divorce, children are expected to cope with the decision...

Modest Proposal Essay -- essays papers

Modest ProposalAnimals or Students? It brings great obstacles to those who walk down the halls of Silverado High School day in and day out to be by bombarded by thirty-six hundred plus students. This prompts trying to go to the bathroom between classes beyond implausible, for its acuate enough to just fuddle it to class on time as it is without trying to make a pit stop at the bathroom. Students have been rock-bottom to plowing and shoving their way through people in order to possibly make it to class and be in their seat before the tardy cost rings. I think all parents and more important, students involved will agree that this gargantuan number of students trying to push through one another to make it to the restroom or simply to be on time for class is leaving all entangled in a present state of peevishness and irritation over this subsequent grievance to their already stressful existence. Therefore, we, the students and parents, need to find an economical, practical solut ion to allow students to walk the hallways with ease. Having contributed multiple years broody this very subject, and after careful consideration of the suggestions of my colleagues, I continually discovered them to be dreadfully mistaken in their computations. With that in mind, heres my fancy of action, I propose to herd students just like the cattle they are, with hall monitors being awarded the job of herding students up and down stairs and preventing the slowing or stopping, for that matte...

Superstitions speech -- essays research papers

Im doing my speech on superstitions. Wulp wish me luck, break a leg, knock on wood.Superstitions, what are they and where did they come from? are they true are they false or is there some sort of reasoning behind them? Or are they evidently just a total lot of mumbo jumbo. I mean .. awww man (meeoow) there goes a black cat man talk about bad luck it just took run into with any luck that I had, (gosh darn click fingers well lets see if its trueMrs Maslen whadda ya reckon am I gonna get an A for this or what? Cmon cmon you can tell me. Damn you cat (shake fist meeooow). Where did that superstition come from? For heavens sake how pathetic is it Anyways for most people these are simply old wives tales and silly misconstrued stories, happenings and events. But for others these are real, they believe every word of these. For centuries people have been fascinated by these superstitions. Superstitions have bewitched, bemused and befuddled the minds of millions, billions of guileless p eople. Because believing superstitions is simply showing ignorance and fear of the unknown. This is why so many people have fallen into the traps and beliefs that are superstitions, taboos. These superstitions have been deeply influential in history. You look back in history and youll find them 600, 700 back in time.To me superstitions are simply beliefs or practices with no rational substance to them, for instance, ok a bird, if a bird flies into the house it is a sign of death. Now in all honest...

Superstitions speech -- essays research papers

Im doing my speech on superstitions. Wulp wish me luck, break a leg, knock on wood.Superstitions, what atomic number 18 they and where did they capture from? Are they true are they false or is there some sort of reasoning behind them? Or are they simply near a whole lot of mumbo jumbo. I mean .. awww man (meeoow) there goes a black cat man talk about bad luck it just took off with any luck that I had, (gosh darn click fingers well lets see if its trueMrs Maslen whadda ya reckon am I gonna get an A for this or what? Cmon cmon you can tell me. Damn you cat (shake fist meeooow). Where did that superstition come from? For heavens sake how pathetic is it Anyways for most people these are simply old wives tales and silly misconstrued stories, happenings and events. But for others these are real, they believe every word of these. For centuries people have been fascinated by these superstitions. Superstitions have bewitched, bemused and preoccupied the minds of millions, billions of in nocent people. Because believing superstitions is simply showing ignorance and fear of the unknown. This is why so many people have fallen into the traps and beliefs that are superstitions, taboos. These superstitions have been deeply powerful in history. You look back in history and youll find them 600, 700 back in time.To me superstitions are simply beliefs or practices with no rational substance to them, for instance, ok a bird, if a bird flies into the house it is a sign of death. Now in all honest...

Anti-Bullying Laws

Anti-bullying laws When people hurt you over and over, think of them like sand paper. They may scratch you and hurt you a bit, but in the reverse, you end up polished and they end up useless. A quote by Chris Colfer. The number of kids that get bullied everyday are increasing in the render of Arizona. In order to hold in the bullying in the schools of mesa, Arizona must create a stronger anti-bullying law. To begin with, over the years the percentages of kids acquiring bullied are getting tremendously big.According to Winnie Hu kids think that there parents will laugh and teachers wont care thats the reason they wont speak up (Hu 13). everyday half(prenominal) a dozen of complaints said Dr. Bergacs from New York Times Magazine (Bergacs 8). Secondly kids are too scared to speak up and tell someone. Kids arrange its hard to tell someone if they are getting bullied. DeSean Jackson says at a young age its hard to do anything about it. They say they put their own lives in danger (Jac kson 12).Finally, some kids that get bullied at school can affect their concentration at school. Parents will know something is slander because there kids are doing bad at school . they say the bullying will just get worst. In conclusion, the anti-bullying law must work to stop bullying in the schools because bullying hurts kids and the number of kid being bullying is increasing each year. Bullying must be taken away from schools because bullies or bullied get hurt. This way kid ca stop getting hurt.

Cornel West’s contribution to African/Amercian Philosophy Essay

Cornel West, born June 02, 1953, is an American philosopher, author, actor (some of you may know him from Matrix Reloaded and Revolutions), civil rights activist and prominent particle of the Democratic Socialists of America. West, commonly known for his blend of political and moral insight and criticism and his contribution to the comport-1960s civil rights movement, focuses primarily on the roles of race, class and gender in America. West pulls scholarly contributions from such varied traditions as the African American Baptist Church, pragmatism and transcendentalism.Wests father was a civilian U. S. Air deplumate administrator and his mother an elementary school teacher and eventually a principal. During Wests childhood the family settled in an African American childbed neighbourhood in Sacramento, California. There West regularly attended services at the local Baptist church, where he listened to moving testimonials of privation, struggle, and faith from parishioners whose gr andparents had been slaves. Another influence on West during this time was the Black Panther Party, whose Sacramento offices were near the church he attended.The Panthers impressed upon him the importance of political activism at the local level and introduced him to the literary productions of Karl Marx. In 1970, at age 17, West entered Harvard University on a scholarship, did graduate school in philosophy at Princeton University, where he was influenced by the American pragmatist philosopher Richard Rorty, and by and by receiving his doctoral degree in 1980, West taught philosophy, religion, and African American studies at several colleges and universities, including Yale University, the University of Paris, Princeton University, and Harvard University.His books generally combines Christian moral sensibility with a form of philosophical tradtition influenced by American pragmatism. For example, his book Race Matters, West, who resolutely participated in several demonstrations, w as always a political activist and an academic, and this created a conflict which led to him resigning from his post at Harvard. His best-known work, Race Matters, a collection of essays, was published exactly one year after the start of riots in Los Angeles that were sparked by the acquittal of quaternity white policemen on charges of aggravated assault in the beating of Rodney King, an African American motorist.The book discussed the general hopelessness and nihilism of African Americans in indigence and condemned African-American leaders for pursuing policies that West believed were thoughtless, narrow-minded, or self-serving. West refers to the United States as a racist patriarchal society in which everyday animateness is classified based on the notion of white supremacy. He criticizes the whites as being weak in the struggle to gain acceptance for blacks, and thusly he argues the 9 11 attack gave the whites an indication into what it means to be a black persons living in th e US feeling unsafe, unprotected, hated, and subjected to random violence.

Counselor Interview Essay

Mrs. T C***** currently is a guidance counselor at YPre-K center in _____. She has over watchn the YPRE -K counseling program for about 10 years, which is designed to be compressive and developmental, with an emphasis on official behavior and support. Mrs. C is a trained professional certified by the state of Texas. She received a Masters degree in Education with a minor in Guidance Counseling from Sul Ross University.From a young age Mrs. C knew she had the sacrifice of what it would take to be a counselor. In High School she always provided family and friends with a listening ear and loved helping people solve their problems. existence a previous Pre-k t severallyer, she was challenged with young children that needed help with their emotions. Seeing those problems, Mrs. C had the desired to help those children in need, but realized that she didnt have those unique(predicate) skills to address the problems. From that moment she went on to increase her knowledge and understanding of the counseling field. To maintain her credentials, Mrs. Ceniceros must complete 200 hours every 5 years by attending certain conferences every year and local trainings. As a professional she is continually looking for ways to repair to provide that successfully computer programme for her students.The Ysleta Pre-k counseling program serves round 300 students ages 4-6, which Includes large groups, small groups and singular counseling, along with consultations with staff, parents and the community. As a guidance counselor she is excited and happy to be a part of the early education counseling program at Ysleta. Her goal is to continue providing the help, support and a positive environment. She wants to help students develop wellness perceptions of themselves believe in competence, and their learning abilities. Mrs. Ceniceros role is an important part, she sees herself as a leader. Along with the principal and assistant principal they work towards a foundation of positive learni ng and teaching them how to adapt to a variety of environments by recognizing the needs coming from all diverse backgrounds. Mrs. Ceniceros mentioned that she is very blessed to have a validatory administrative system, where she is able to have awell-rounded guidance program. Its an expectation, school wide program where everyone teachers, coaches, nurses, volunteers, bus drives en sure enough a safe, respectful and trustworthy environment. Its very rewarding to her how she is not secluded she is part of school, they all work to together.Her program includes activities to enhance the students academic progress by addressing conflict issues that puritythorn have risen from their home biography, work on interpersonal relationships, or if they lack of basic necessities both physical and turned on(p), communication skills, study skills, listening skills and closely importantly to develop social skills. She allows provides guidance in topics such as kindness, respect, responsibilit y, honesty, friendship, cooperation/teamwork, and manners. The early childhood guidance counseling program also consults parents and teachers to develop strategies in growth, development and learning. For parents its to make sure they understand what kind of environment is needed to help their child succeed and which intervention tactics to use.Her counseling surmise she closely follows is Alfred Adler. She agrees on the theory of personality which is defined as, A comprehensive in depth analysis on how people function. It emphasizes the importance of early life experiences within the family of origin, or family constellation. From the perspectives such as birth order, sibling, rivalry, and social interest calculateed important fools in the formulation and function of personality. (Nystul. Pg 173 ) She agreed on how Adler hard-pressed that emotions are useful in helping person toward a goal. In her counseling program she uses some of Alders techniques Such as phase one establishi ng a relationship. Mrs. Ceniceros uses listening skills along with a smile to promote trust and respect, with the power of laughter and humor she believes that it follows step 2 in winning respect and go hope. The third step in phase 1 she allows provides encouragement to her young students again by helping them develop positive attitudes about themselves and the world around them. She mentioned that she loves to use Art therapy which offers a form of sublimation whereby clients can achieve indirect gratification of unconscious needs. (Nstyul, pg. 204). She has her kids color code their feels by filling a white heart outlined in black to identify their feelingssuch as blue is for sadness. For them is easier for the kids to communicate comfortably, has helped her tremendously to engage them to express their feelings and thoughts. Another therapy she uses is Play therapy, which involves play media such as sand play, art, music, and music to learn skills and work out problems. Play re presents an important developmental tool for children and adolescents, natural form of communication, and expression creativity leading to learning, coping, and self-realization. (Nstyul . pg 297).Mrs. C guidance lessons reflect the needs of the children identified by the teachers, principal, assistant principal, parents and the children themselves. She typically reaches 20 or so students per week in individual counseling. Her typical work hours are from 6 am to 4 pm, every daytime is a busy day, Meeting with special educators, parents, teachers, attending conferences and trainings behind the scenes. as yet when and if the families or child need her during a crisis after hours, Mrs. C is thither to support them. Its exciting, not knowing what the day leave behind bring, every day is a different day, love the challenges. Mrs. C says.She loves working with children especially since she has previous experience as a teacher. Mrs. Ceniceros mentioned that it comes easy to her on how to speak to them and how to engage them in her activities. Definitely a fun age she says. Her heart will always be with early childhood. That cosmos said Mrs. Ceniceros believes that in order to be a counselor the key quality is to have the Heart Counselors should be passionate, enjoy helping people. Need to have compassion and empathy to understand the problems and work with children that are in stressful situations. In her eyes counselors are always willing and looking ways to help .They need to be able to intervene appropriately when there is a crisis at hand. She says kids dont always say what they mean or feel, most of the time they cant understand their feelings or sometimes put up a front, as a counselor you have to look beyond words. Counselors need observational skills to spot signals of emotional, sexual abuse, certain behaviors, and relationships and being able to determine data from test or interviews. Have people skills and communication skills are also important she s ays. Mrs. Ceniceros isconstantly in collaboration with the principal, assistant, teachers and parents, along with that come having good listening skills, open mind, speaking and writing professionally. Lastly she says that having humor and a smile is an important attribute, which brings hope, trust, and allows the student to engage. Even though she has a supportive team and District who want their kids to succeed, she said its a sad surprise to see some parents that really dont aid about the emotional, physical, developmental health of their kids. Although at the end of the day the advantage of her job is to see the success of her kids, For Mrs. C is knowing that she made a oddment and was able to help those in need. She smiles when her kids come down the hall way saying Hi friend, I am helping my feelings Mrs. C stated that each child is different and beautiful in their own way and most importantly, they all need to be valued. As for future prospective counselors make sure youre in the field because that is want will thrive that individual to help others. For Mrs. Ceniceros she believes if youre passionate about your job you wont see if as a job. Especially those who want to become a guidance counselor she recommends those individuals to make themselves visible to schools, teachers, and other school professionals. Greet the students, attend related to meetings, and attend certain school activities, will allow the individual to establish valuable relationships. She allows mentions to participate in counseling practicum or internship, taking the hazard will allow that perspective to learn and grow and even speaking with other professional counselor experiences will be a great deal of help.Choosing Mrs. Ceniceros was a great choose and a great experience. I chose Mrs. Ceniceros because I had heard she was a great counselor at Ysleta pre-k being that I am from Ysleta pre-k myself. I noticed that Mrs. Ceniceros is not only an effective guidance counselor but a nice person. Arriving into her office began with a positive image feeling partial(p) and welcome of brightness and having the cute drawings from her kids. Not only did she provide a qualified image such as clean and professional attire, she presented a prosperous and enthusiastic personality. Listening to her education , background, interests to why pursing a counseling degree, to her program and approaches showed me that she really cares about thedevelopmental , behavioral, and wellness of Y Pre-K children. She has great communication skills, improve her competence, works hard, and most important has humor. Mrs. C displays a wholesome philosophy, by valuing the diverse background of her kids, willingness to listen and the patience seek and accepts advice, maintains a good physical, emotional health. Most importantly I could see how she was well equipped to assist her children live a happy and healthy life. Overall enjoyed this experience and grateful for the opportunity

Music in renaissance society Essay

The Renaissance was all nigh rediscovery. The term itself renaissance actually means rebirth. The achievement delineate a sequence that was rich in personal expression and innovation. As society transcended with the times, so did many an(prenominal) aspects of daily life, including harmony and arts. In fact many of the popular hymns of today came from the Renaissance percentage point. hotshot such masterpiece is Ave Maria, composed by Josquin Desprez (Fuller). Ave Maria reflected many social traits of the time it was composed. It as well as reflected the type of music that was developed during the Renaissance.It is no wonder why Josquin Desprez is recognized as the close to successful composer of his time. Through the music he created, he was able to fount the real essence of his time. During the Renaissance period a number of different types of music emerged. Aside from the popular Mass music played in churches, the period introduced Motets, and also saw the beginnings of secular music. Since the Renaissance was all about personal expression, it was natural that many different forms of music were created.At the same time because it was about this time that printing was first invented, the spread of music became much easier. Copies of different compositions were easily produced allowing for more people to hear them in different parts and stages. One of the most popular music innovations of the Renaissance period is the Motet. It is a type of music that uses pervasive imitation that simply means the blending of different song ranges into one sympathetic combination. The Motet highlights vocals more than instruments, a distinct trait of Renaissance music.The Renaissance was fundamentally a time when composers began putting focus on the emotions that were derived from the lyrics of the songs. Vocals were emphasized more than the instruments. People began relating more to music because of the meaning and message different compositions relayed. The Mote t can also be considered a musical revolution at that time because most of the Motets presented rude(a) complexities unknown to music prior to the Renaissance. They also attract a personal connection between the composer, the performers, and the listener.Ave Maria by Josquin Desprez is one of the most popular Motets that were composed during the Renaissance period. This Desprez masterpiece remains one of the most played hymns in churches today. This Motet is comprised of four distinct voices, a very rare choral work even today. In fact Ave Maria is considered one of the most outstanding Motets of all time because of this characteristic. Interesting enough this musical trait essentially depicts the culture of that time. It showed how people were starting to truly celebrate their individuality without completely losing their connection with the rest of society.While the Renaissance period ushered in many new ideas, people during that time remained traditional when it came to things c oncerning religion. Ave Maria is essentially a prayer set to music. In fact many of the popular music that rose during this period were church music. This spoke of how people gave high regard to religious practices and the church. Josquin Desprez wrote the quintessential Renaissance music in Ave Maria. From its deliberate and serene sound to its harmonious weaving of voices, and a theme that celebrated the times, it is one of the most important pieces of music of the period.It reflected the culture change that was going on with its groundbreaking style of music. It was also very loyal to the things people held in high regard during those times. And while it was a product of musical mastery, Ave Maria became one of the most influential music of the Renaissance period because of its enduring message and meaning that connected well with the people. Work Cited Fuller, Richard. Renaissance Music (1450-1600). 2010 January 14. Retrieved June 7, 2010 from http//www. rpfuller. com/gcse/music /renaissance. html

Children and Their Security Object Essay

Some younger tykeren usually between the ages of 8 and 12 months will become precise attached to an prey for a few years. Most elicits are familiar with the so-called security department blanket. Sometimes it is the most stained blanket in a electric s hornswogglers collection. other(a) times, it is an old stuffed animal. Regardless of what inanimate object a child chooses as their beloved security blanket, its difficult to separate the two. there are umpteen benefits and significance for a child to have a security object and numerous misconceptions on regarding the relationship between a young child and their security object.It is very beneficial for younger children to have a security object. Most children will grow attached to an object when they are starting to be wean from their mother because thats a very emotional time. This object helps the child get through this critical transition so it is not so horrible. boylike children with security objects do not throw such a fit when they have to be left with other adults and children, because they feel like you are lock with them through this stressful situation. The American Academy of Pediatrics suggests that a security blanket can be especially beneficial when incorporated into a childs bedtime ritual (Roberts, 2011). attachments Having this object just personifies all the positive and comforting things in this childs world.The relationship a child has with their security object is very significant to them emotionally and physically. Children will usually give their object a name and be devoted to it because it gets them through being away from their parents. childly children usually hate being left with someone when their parents have things to do they are so use to having them all the time so when a child has this object with them it makes them feel like they have a piece of their parents there with them. These objects give the child emotional support, a sense of security, and it helps make th em feel expert through stressful situations. This object helps the child grow and become independent instead of dependent.Parents often have misconceptions about their child and their security object. Many parents have believed it is signs that the child has insecurities and weaknesses. A study done by Richard A. Passman, psychologist at the University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, shows that children who possess a strong attachment to a security blanket designate less anxiety in a stressful situation (Wikipedia, 2013). Another misconception is that security objects promote thumb sucking which thats just another self soothe children use. To take a childs security object away from them would traumatize them greatly. The child will outgrow this item by their selves when they learn to deal with stressful situations.The importance of the relationship between a child and their security object is so great and with this essay some of them have been explained. There is no need to be concern ed about this object it is just there for a few years to pretty much give them their parent when their parent cannot be there. I hope this essay has explained enough of the facts about security object that parents will take into consideration all of the pros and the cons before they come back badly about security objects and try to take them away. There are the benefits and the significance of a security object to a young child and it is very important not to believe the misconceptions about it because it will be a lot worse to take it away.Referenceshttp//www.livestrong.com/article/274728-understanding-childrens-attachment-to-security-blankets/ (paragraphs 2-4) (The American Academy of Pediatrics suggests that a security blanket can be especially beneficial when incorporated into a childs bedtime ritual.) http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comfort_object (paragraphs 3-4) (. A study done by Richard A. Passman, psychologist at the University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, shows that children w ho possess a strong attachment to a security blanket demonstrate less anxiety in a stressful situation.) http//www.ehow.com/about_6613741_child-development-security-blankets.html

Summary and Response on Growing Up in America

Amanda Stivala Composition 1030-72 Summary and Response 9/24/12 Growing up in America angiotensin converting enzyme doesnt really question our customs or the daily invite it ons of the people here. Everyone kind of has a precedent for our everyday live and no one really tries to break the m octogenarian on that. Poranee Natadecha- Sonsel argues that Americans are unlike many a nonher(prenominal) countries because they commit a certain identity near everything they do in their agriculture.In her article, The Young, the Rich, and the Famous Individualism as American Cultural Value, the author reiterates over and over again that the way Americans value their individualism really impresses her. She names a few examples of American individualism such as conversational topics, privacy, and family life. Ms. Sponsel further evaluates each subtopic thus shedding more leisurely on her argument. One of the authors many arguments almost American individualism is how they converse with opposite people.Associated essay On CompassionShe notes that when asked the time old question of, How are you? , Americans most of the time have one set response only and dont reveal much information about how they really are that day. Ms. Sponsel seems taken back by how Americans dont really appear to care about how the other person is feeling and just now blurt out the automated response of, Im good, how are you? . She often references the customs of her culture back in Thailand and how very different it is from American culture.She notes how open they are with everyone they talk to and pretty much tell their whole life story to everyone they meet. Americas individualism sets them asunder from many other countries, not just Thailand and every country has their own way of doing things. Ms. Sponsel is a well educated anthropologist, so it is her job to study a culture and watch how it operates which is why Americas such individual culture really shocks her. America has a culture unlike any other where privacy is a briny component. She emphasizes that even from a childly age privacy is introduced into our lives.She points out that unlike other more traditional countries, America is one of the few countries where an infant is given their own room separate from their parents and are progressively taught to become independent emotionally and economically from their families. She once again references Thailand and their family cultures by saying that in Thai families all of the members of the family stick together and take care of each other and the children of the family really arent given independency until they get married and move out.Ms. Sponsel tries to show the extreme differences between the two cultures to emphasize Americas individualism. In response to Ms. Sponsels article about American individualism, I do agree for the most part with that she has to prove when she says that America is very different from the other cultures throughout the world esp ecially the Thai culture she constantly compared America to. What she fails to recognize however, is that America is a cultural melting pot.Most Asian countries are homogenous and really havent become integrated, so sure its easy to have one steady flow of the same culture there. However, in America we have so many different cultures so its really difficult to conform to one specific races cultural norms. Some of her sub arguments in relation to her main point are a little far fetched to me though.. One of Ms. Sponsels big issue is that Americans are very private especially in the photographic plate and with their own families. I dont understand why she is stunned that American children are taught to become independent at such a young age.The younger you learn that, the better equipped you will be for the real world once you become an adult and then you wont have to rely on your parents to help you with everything. The Thai culture that Ms. Sponsel always refers back to seems to no t want their children to be independent at all, let solo get around the house and move out when they married adults. Americans have such a busy and fast paced life, being sheltered from that type of individualism would affect their lives in very negative ways.One really prime example of how her culture can show evidence of being overprotective of their children unlike Americans can be is, when Ms. Sponsel verbalize that when she was working at an East-West summer camp one of the supervisors brought their 10 month old child and when the baby tried to walk it fell right down. course the baby started crying, but it wasnt the babys parents that went to go help the baby, it was all the Asian students. The parents knew that the baby would be fine so they left it alone and eventually he got up and started walking again.Its a perfect example of how Americans individualistic culture norms are just entirely opposite of other cultures, we know that one day that baby is going to have to get up and get over it so why not start at a young age so they get used to it instead of coddling them like the Asian culture or any other culture different than our would have done. Overall, I do see some very valid points provided by Ms. Sponsel about Americans and their odd sense of individualism, but similarly on the contrary she does have some faults where she overlooks some key aspects in her argument.

Top Ten Bsc Mistakes

Lack of focus Too some(prenominal) people, also numerous objectives, also many a(prenominal) metrics, and too many scorecards When it comes to scorecards, less is more. Too often, beginners start out with too many people, too many objectives, too many metrics, and too many scorecards. When an organization tries to juggle too many things, It Inevitably cannot deliver on all of them. When too many people are referd, the process slows to a crawl. Often these groups wind up with too many objectives because they cannot reach consensus on a few key ones.This kind of confusion obscures clear lines of accountability and discourages employees. Therefore, stray on the side of less at the beginning. Weed out objectives by asking yourself tough questions can you rea appointically manage all the objectives on your list? Are they complementary or conflicting? What is the impact of not doing them? Do they really result? Similarly, less is more when it comes to aggroups. When starting a BBS process, dont involve so many people that It becomes unwieldy or political.Limit it to a few people who know what theyre doing and who have executive support and the authority to make the discriminate changes. They should have a broad under stand up of the organization and good people skills so that they can inspire there. Rather than holding big meetings, assign team members to work individually with other players or business units to tackle specific questions and then present their findings to the group. 2. Biting off more than you can chew As we mentioned, organizations often try to do too much too fast?the classic biting off more than you can chew phenomenon.They get excited virtually the BBS and become enamored with the idea that it can instantly address all their treetop priorities across the organization. If they dream too big, they allow for become thwart by the reality of putting these things n motion. kinda, they should begin with small-scale projects so that they c an learn the ropes and work out the inevitable bugs. For example, an organization might do a one-year pilot with Its leading team. Its impossible to know whether you have the right metrics and initiatives until you have lived with them for a while.The pursuit of perfection?an admirable quality in many respects?can also undermine the value of the BBS. The BBS is an effort in ongoing process improvement, not some knotted end state where everything Is done correctly. In order to make progress, we eave to rationalize ourselves from the onus of trying to be perfect. As Voltaire said, The perfect Is enemy of the good. Better Instead try to embrace the Idea of a Zen flaw? the tradition of some craftsmen of putting a deliberate imperfection in their work to free themselves from the burden of perfectionism. . Failing to set clear and realistic milestones Another classic mistake Is falling to establish clear benchmarks of direction and making appropriate progress. Without them, its too e asy to become bogged down or lost in a new, unfamiliar process. If youre not sure whats realistic, look for external benchmarks. How can you improve your standing versus your competitors? How can you increase market share? Compare yourself to the top players in your industry and ask yourself how you might overtake them. 4.Adopting initiatives without formal methodology for execution The betting odds of success are greatest when carefully chosen initiatives are matched with carefully planned execution. The gap between strategy and execution remains a dangerous barrier for many companies. According to the Harvard Business Review, the average company realizes only 60 percent of the financial performance promised by their strategy. There are many reasons for this, including employees not understanding their roles, lack of clear accountability, and lack of putment to make decisions. How to close the execution gap?In a nutshell, there are tether key steps actions should be tied to sp ecific objectives they must be funded and given adequate resources, and they must be monitored. Without good execution, even the best strategy remains Just an abstract idea. 5. Failing to integrate the scorecard into daily work The BBS should not be a standalone exercise. This runs contrary to its purpose?and squanders the emf benefits. The BBS must become part and parcel of the routine work of the organization. It should be a centerpiece or hub that brings together many initiatives.If you treat it as an isolated exercise, you miss the opportunity for cross-fertilization and making other projects more successful. 6. Poor leadership and communication Sometimes BBS initiatives die by except because they lack commitment from top leadership. Without a clear mandate from the top, the balanced scorecard is unlikely to deliver its full benefits. Top leadership must empower their strategy teams. Leaders cant Just delegate the BBS to a low belonging group and forget about it. The organizat ion must see that the top leaders have embraced the initiative and are determined to see it through.Otherwise, people may dismiss it as Just another halfhearted initiative and get to old habits. Leaders can show support by attending strategy meetings, being seen alongside the strategy team, and making public statements of support. Another parking lot leadership mistake is failing to effectively communicate the BBS to the organization. If people dont understand whats different or important about this initiative, they wont do the work to yield it out. Organizations should make a habit of communicating the objectives and results to employees on a regular basis.Some organizations assume that commitment from senior executives automatically meaner that the entire organization is engaged. This does not risk by itself. For example, BBS lingo may sound like empty Jargon to line level employees. Organizations must translate the initiatives into terms employees can understand. leaders is i mportant, but organizations should avoid making the BBS a top-down exercise. Its not a matter of issuing edicts and expecting employees to comply. Its a matter of exercising strong leadership and inspiring the organization to follow. 7.Business as usual mindset When implementing the BBS for the first time, organizations must change fundamental habits?and this cannot be done with a business as usual achieved without changing the way day-to-day operations are performed. Rather, they require conscious effort because they force us to adopt new habits and new slipway of working and thinking. Changing habits is hard?thats why so many New Years resolutions fail. Too often, organizations try to hit new performance targets with the same business as usual attitude. Doing more of the same slightly better will not produce significantly new or better results.New targets require new initiatives, strong leadership, and relentless execution. 8. Climate of defensiveness and mistrust Too often, BBS and performance management initiatives are portrayed as an Orwellian tool to hold in tabs on employees and lay underperformed. Some organizations roll out balanced scorecards and performance management as accountability programs. As a result, employees begin to feel Judged, micromanaged, and anxious. Big Brother is watching. accountability is important, but it shouldnt be the overarching message.Instead, organizations should emphasize that these tools help employees and the entire organization to become more successful. Use these tools to share best practices and celebrate people who do things right. Lets severalise your shipping department comes up with a new best practice for dealing with the holiday rush. You can honor the innovators and share their learnings with the rest of the organization. If you see these tools merely in terms of accountability, you miss the opportunity to inform and inspire your employees. 9. Poor performance data Poor data undermines the entire purpo se of the balanced scorecard.In many respects, Kips can be one of the most difficult aspects of the BBS. In general, Kips are a good indicator of the health of your balanced scorecard infrastructure. If you have problems ascertain the score of more than one KIP, it might be an indication that your method of selecting them is not up to par. Perhaps they were chosen from a library without much ideal about the ground-level realities of what it takes to collect the data to determine their measurement. Organizations spend an immense amount of time putting together their scorecards.All that work can go to waste if they dont keep good performance data. 0. Failing to adapt the BBS to the organization The BBS must be adapted to the organization. There is no universal, one-size-fits-all template. The needs of a epic international manufacturing company are very different from those of a small local government agency. If your BBS approach is not tailored to your local circumstances, it will become a straitjacket that inhibits the organization. Adapting the BBS to the organization is an ongoing process. It often comes through experience. How do we get there?As we saw above, its a matter of focusing on a handful of key objectives, tarring small, exercising good leadership, and practicing disciplined execution. By carefully monitoring and adapting, organizations can discover a system that works in their particular circumstances. Its an iterative process of following proven principles, experimentation, and trial and error?yes, we all make mistakes. Stephanie Busbies is an author and Group Vice hot seat of Solution Marketing, Enterprise Performance Management and Governance Risk and Compliance with SAP. As an XP Strategic Partner, SAP is contributing thought leadership and research

Presentation Analysis Worksheet Essay

Who is the consultation for this presentation?General public and computer programmers.What is the purpose of this presentation? testify people of the mod windows operating frame by Microsoft, how it is improved over the last system, and the advantages it leave alone train. explicate how the topic is specific and relates to the listening. The topic relates to everyone beca habituate a majority of the general public own operate a computer system that is ran by Microsoft get out most promising be have-to doe withed in upgrading their received system to the newest edition. It is also relevant to the computer programmers because they will be dealing largely with this system when it is released and will need to stick a knowhow of how it work and a knowledge of how to troubleshoot it if need be.Target Audience compend What special adaptations for these audience types might be necessary for this presentation to be effective?Technical strengthGoing more in reconditeness over the technical side of the presentation will be key for these audience members because they will involve to know how the system work more in depth then say the general public and want to know how it will benefit them to know this new operating system.Non-TechnicalThis would be important to target them in order to show them though they may not be non-technical they can still nurse an understanding of the system and be user friendly without a vast amount of knowledge.ManagementTargeting the management level will be important because they will likely bethe ones to push the product out to lower personal and will possibly be the ones to have to train them on it too.Client/S suck upholderYou would want to target these people because they will be the ones with money and go forth you with the funding needed to push your product.Age/ExperienceBoth age and experience will mutation a special role into this because the younger crowd will want to have the latest products released in order to be relevant in society. On the other hand experience will undertake a role because the more experience you have the more you are going to want to have the newest technology if it benefits you.Other (specify)Environment Analysis What special adaptations may be necessary for the environment or situation of the presentation?SizeSize will be important in the matter of change and computer space, you do not want to offer up an operating system that will take up a vast majority of your computer memory system.Physical settingThe physical system will not play too much of a role because it is something that the user will not see unless if you are presenting what the software will look like onto a computer.Audience knowledgePresenting to an audience that has a knowledge of understanding of what you are talking about or presenting forces you know what you are presenting to them and may allow you to go into more depth then what you may have presented to someone who may not know as much. Audience interest/focusKeeping the audience focused and locked into what you are proverb is important because they will simply lose interest into what you are saying and could potentially lose potential clientele.Attitude toward topicHaving a positive attitude of what you are saying is going to keep the interest of the audience because they are going to see that you are activelyinterested and feed off of your efficacy and want to learn more.Speaker credibilityBeing a credible speaker is going to bring more of an audience base because everyone will know that you are positive speaker, know what you are presenting and progress out the best information to them.OccasionThis will be important because you do not want to give a presentation on Christmas when everyone minds are not focused on what you are saying or presenting and all they want to do is go home. So having the right occasion can be important when presenting.Speaker ________________________________ Topic____________________________ ____What devices will you use in the introduction to gain audience attention?What stairs will you take to relate the topic to this audience?What is the main idea you want to convey to the audience?What are the presentations main points? Why did you develop these particular points?What supporting materials will you use and why?What steps will you take to make language clear and appropriate to this audience?What adjustments will you make in deliveryrate of speech, volume, tone of voice, gestures, and the liketo communicate your ideas?

Saudi Arabian Airlines

MARMARKETING AND SALES STRATEGY There are very good prospects for Foreign companies who want to export their products to the Saudi-Arabian Arabian market. However, there are certain marketing procedures and sales techniques which have to be observe in order to develop and sustain business relationships over a long period of time. The Saudi market should be constantly reviewed for product adaptation and change. Exporters should ensure regular supplies as per specifications, at the condition time and place already agreed upon and at the stipulated prices. Any subsequent and sudden price changes, fifty-fifty pertaining to after-sales services, should be avoided. Exporters contacts with importers in Saudi Arabia should be direct and regular. Complete product lines, rather than single products, should be introduced into the Saudi market whenever possible in order to benefit from greater demand stimulation and exist reductions. Exporters are required to check with Saudi importers or right away with the Saudi Arabian Standards Organization, on the fine implementation of Saudi Arabian Standards pertaining to their exported products to the Kingdom. Saudi Standards can be purchased from SASO or the American National Standards Institute, ANSI (11 westerly 42nd Street, New York City, NY 10036, telephone number (212)642-4900 or fax number (212)302-1286). Exporters to Saudi Arabia should display their products on a regular basis in the major commercial urban centers of the Kingdom.Necessary permission is obtained by writing or contacting directly the Director, Exhibitions Department, Ministry of Commerce. Efforts should be made to improve the appearance of exported commodities by means of attractive packaging. Products to be exported should be powerful branded and labeled both in English and Arabic. In the case of machinery and equipment after-sales service, including warranties, maintenance and the provision of economise parts, should be prompt and efficient.

The Renaissance Person – Henry VIII – by Casey Krol

The renascence Person hydrogen cardinal is a Renaissance person, due to his intellectual intelligence of several subjects and labored skills. The Renaissance was a cultural movement the took place from the fourteenth to seventeenth century, that saw a revival meeting in learning, architecture, literature, and classical art ( heat content VI). henry octad was a Renaissance person as he was very had various contributions in literature and cartography, and was intelligent in several subjects. In increment, he also contributed greatly through elisions, military, and political ways to England.Henry 8 founded a new religion, improved a Navy to the point of dominance, and enforced a imperialism policy. As a result, end-to-end Henry Vics dominate as baron from 1509 to his death in 1547, he passed many laws and policies witch had great mold on the constitution of England to the nation it is today (Hutting). Henry VIII demonstrated many characteristics off Renaissance person. Hen ry VIII wrote books, composed music and was a passionate patron of the arts (Henry VI). Henry VIII is the author of a book c all tolded Assertion Septet Sacramento, which attacked Martin Luther and supported the Roman Catholic Church.As a result of this publication, Henry VIII received the title Defender of Faith by Pope Leo X (Hutting). In addition, he was educated in the classics, being fluent in Latin and French, along with knowledge in Spanish, Italian and Greek. Along with those qualities he was also a highly skilled musician, mathematician, architect, and a ship designer. Henry VIII was also a cartographer and was responsible for the start of English map making Coffee). anyways being a strong and ruthless ruler, his intellect helped him accomplish many f his goals throughout his reign as king.In the vast accomplishments of Henry VIII, he had a major influence on religion in England. First of all, Henry VIII established the Church of England in 1534, and became the supreme hea d when he passed the actuate of Supremacy (Palmer 22). The trigger to the re degreeation was the refusal of a annulment by the Pope, for the marriage between Henry VIII and Catherine (Palmer 96). To further separate the relationship between king and pope, and nonplus the foundations of the emerging Church of England, Henry VIII pasted numerous statutes. Such as the Submission of theClergy, which gave the King supremacy over the church. In addition the Treason Act of 1 534 enforced the belief the King was the head of state, and if refused could be punishable by death (Henry VI). Additionally Henry VIII was the first English Monarch to approve the explanation of the Bible into English (Hutting). Which is significant, as it allowed the people of England to exact the Bible for themselves, especially if they did not know how to read Latin. To sum it up, Henry VIII was a great leader and still has millions of people following the Anglican religion he founded.An equally significant asp ect of Henrys reign as king is the political influence he had on England. He added imperial concepts to the natural feudal concepts of Kingship. Which basically resulted in a policy which England would extended its power through diplomacy or military force(Henry VIII Accomplishments). Which proved significant throughout Englands history and their colonization of the universe of discourse. On the other hand the Act of Appeals in 1 533 helped the constitutional increase of England. This act made all religious or other appeals that would usually go to thePope, directed to the King in any English land. Henry VIII also decreased the power of thou nobles, and increase the power of Parliament and the monarchy (Hutting). As a result of Henry VIII reign as king, he set policies that would influence England greatly in the future, in the aspect of the current day parliament and imperialism. legions accomplishments of Henry VIII are far from few. First of all, he is known as the Father of th e Navy, as the English Navy grew in numbers and power over his reign. As the number of royal warships Jumped form five to fifty ships.The first naval sock in Britain was built in Portsmouth, along with the validation of the Navy Board, in 1546. This greatly contributed to Englands future exploration and colonization of the world, through dominance of the sea (Hutting). Henry VIII also began wars with France and Scotland, seeing a English victory over Scotland in the battle of fill up in 1513. He also created several coastal fortresses in 1540, which improved the defense of the invasion given island (Henry VIII Accomplishments). Throughout these accomplishments in the military aspect, Henry VIII helped stimulate the idea of nationalistic fleece Coffee).In conclusion, Henry VIII was a Renaissance person due to his contributions to Englands politics, military, and religion, along with his personal intellect in different subjects. He is known as the father of the Navy as he bolstere d Englands forces to a level of world best (Hutting). He also became the head of the Church of England, and founder of the Anglican Church. He also set a sense of nationalistic pride through wars and installed the imperialism policy which benefited England throughout history Coffee). As a result, King Henry VIII became one of the most known and expected Renaissance people of all time.

Puberty

pubescence is k right awayn to be the transitioning stop for electric razorren to become emerging large(p)s. Puberty is important beca habit not only is it a sign for pargonnts that their child is growing up. It is a sign for the child itself that he or she is growing up. Puberty is different for both boys and girls especially the biological events that take place.When girls go through puberty, they go through it at an earlier age than the boys.Girls start at the age of octad to the age of 14. What happens outset for girls is the embrace development. Breast buds typically occur around nine or go years old, although sometimes for some children they occur earlier or for others they occur later. The girls parents are often affect that their daughter has breast buds since the breast develop slowly and occur at different times.At the source of puberty, sometimes one breast often appears first than the other. The girl may believe that something in the breast is wrong like gaining a tumor, especially since the tissue of the breast can feel very cranky and sensitive, but this because the breast are developing slowly at a decent rate which is highly normal.The second sign of puberty is gaining pubic hair in the genital area. At first, there are very few hairs and come proscribed straight and soft. As the girl grows up, the pubic hair grows out and becomes dark, curly, and coarse. The pubic hair grows gently to the lower stomach to the inner thigh, looking like in a three-cornered fabricate. About another couple years, hair begins to grow in the armpits.The third sign for puberty is that the girls gain slant which gives them a more rounded belly. This gives girls extreme anxiety because they believe they are gaining weight but usually it is adipose tissue. Adipose tissue is the tissue where fat is kept. The body will fragment the fat from the stomach and waist to other parts of the body so it can create a nice figure.The last is usually the menstrual cycle. There are many myths when it comes to menstruation like you cannot use a tampon till you are a full adult, or you cannot swim in the kitty-cat and so on. Menarche or menstruation is when ovulation is beginning which means that you can begin to be able to be pregnant.In a study in 1982, the researchers Brooks- Gunn and Ruble, reported that girls feel more grown up now that they are finally menstruating. A longitudinal study in 2003 reported that there is an increase in self-esteem and social maturity. Boys go through puberty much later than girls which are the ages of twelve to sixteen.The first tonicity of puberty for boys is that the boy is going through with maturing is when the size of the testicles and the scrotal sac grows. As the testicles grows, the scrotum grate darkens, expands, thins, and lastly hangs down. Like girls and each breast size, boys when it comes to their testicles, one testicle hangs lower than the other.Like girls the next step of puberty for boys is the pubic hair. Similar to girls, the pubic hair changes to a darker color, the hairs become curlier and rougher in texture, but the designing is more of a diamond shaped than a triangle. Over the next few years it covers the pubic region, and then covers the thighs like a girl would have her pubic hair covered.Difference between boys and girls pubic hair is that boys have their pubic hair going up to their belly button. Then light or thin little hairs grows on a boys face, legs, arms and underarms, and chest. The third step of puberty is the body shape changes. Before puberty, usually boys look chubby and lanky.The boys then have a growth spurt as they go into puberty. Body proportions change during this spurt, which are the legs extend and the trunks become bigger. Boys then gain vigor mass and continue to grow even after girls are finished with puberty. When the boys are at the crystallise of puberty, their voices begin to change drastically. For a brief period of time, the boys v oice may break once in a while as it deepens.Once the larynx or the vocal box reaches to a equal size, the cracking will stop. J.M. Tanners Longitudinal research on Pubertal Development helped greatly to understand puberty. In the year 1960 through the 1970s J.M. Tanner, a British biologist, was studying carnal development. He took many pictures and physical evaluations of both boys and girls throughout their lives to figure out the steps of puberty.From each photo and physical evaluation, Tanner judge out the ages of the changes that happened to the children. A good theory when it comes to puberty would be coerce and Stress by G. Stanley Hall. This is a great example because as the child grows up, he or she becomes a different person. To go deeper, Storm and Stress goes through difficulties with parents, risky behaviors, and drastic mood swings.This all happens because of the hormones, like estrogen and testosterone, which the children are gaining as they are going through the process of puberty. Puberty is different for everyone. Sometimes puberty comes early or late for either gender. It affects them differently emotionally, and physically. The one fact is true for either gender is that it is a period for the child or adolescence to mature and to find more of themselves to become a great and fitting adult in society.

Impact of Corporate Governance on Firm Performance

Impact of embodied brass section on wet Performancean Empirical investigation from the Insurance perseverance of Pakistan Hafiz Muhammad Raheel Arif* emailprotected com 00923216190575 *COMSATS Institute of Information Technology and Science Lahore, Pakistan Abstract The body of work is devoted to tab the cushion of corporal governance (CG) on the devoted surgical process (FP) of the damages labor of Pakistan. Four heartbeats mystify been used in the paper to check the blotto exercise being affected by the in collective governance. These accounts ar hang on Assets (ROA), grant on loveliness (ROE), and Market to Book proportion and legal injury Earnings symmetry.Data of 24 insurance policy companies is taken from websites of the companies and Karachi Stock Exchange website for the years 2007-2011 making up 107 observations excluding the wanting observations. Pooled Ordinary Least Squargon (POLS) regression technique is used to regress the information. Findings of this analyze conclude that institutional Shareholding ratio, card coat and Independent Directors ratio affect wet performance in the positive government mission whereas, chief executive officeholder duality, tighten size of it, and leverage induce negative stupor on firm performance boilers suit when firm performance measured through four different measures.In future, the piece of work whitethorn be encompassing to much unified governance covariants and developmentd sample size so that more generalized results may be achieved. Key words Corporate organization, loaded Performance, Insurance Industry, Pakistan. Introduction C orporate governance has direct gained very much importance in the in corporal world. Almost in all the countries around the chunk corporate governance has become mandatory and is regulated by the concerning bodies. Like in Pakistan, this is mandatory for the corporations to pursue with the scoop up practices according to the Code of Corporate organization *.Various studies have attempted to probe into the family congressship of corporate governance with the firm performance in the corporate world across various countries. The study strives to canvass the wedge of corporate governance on firm performance in the Insurance industry of Pakistan. The study basically extends the findings of Naser Najjar (2012), in his study Naser * Code of corporate governance is included in the Regulation zero(prenominal) 37 for the tilt regulations of Karachi Stock Exchange to ensure the best practices of corporate governance in Pakistan.Najjar (2012) investigated the congressship of corporate governance with firm performance by through empirical observation examining this family of CG and firm performance in the insurance industry of the Behrain. In his study Naser Najjar (2012) used only excrete on Equity as a measure of the financial performance. This study employs more financial performance measuring versatiles like stop on Assets, Market to Book ratios, and Price Earnings ratios by controlling firm size and the leverage ratio.Naser Najjar (2012) found a positive association between firm size and the performance of the insurance companies suggesting that as the size increases the assets are more with the firms in the form of insurance policies and firms efficiently manage things to an ultimate gain. In their study Ming-Cheng Wu, Hsin-Chiang Lin, I-Cheng Lin, and Chun-Feng Lai found the positive traffichip of firm size with the performance when measured by go down on Assets. come on size showed a negative comparison in the past studies as in the study of Ming-Cheng Wu, Hsin-Chiang Lin, I-Cheng Lin, and Chun-Feng Lai they found that poster size is negatively associated with the firm performance out-of-pocket to the tenableness of boards composition of inside as well as outside directors, and inside directors would have relatively game level of information regarding societys internal aff airs than outside directors and inside directors would work in their own interest and may confiscate the rights of fortuneholders and as the number of inside directors increases it makes the performance down.While another study, Bacon (1973) gave a different opinion that larger board size positively affects the performance justifying in a appearance that larger board usually comes with a diversified background and qualifications which generates different viewpoints and hence increases quality of managerial decisions. One another very important way to control corporate bodies by reducing agency issues is to separate the CEO from chairperson (William et al. 2003).If these two characters are performed by a single individual, is known as CEO Duality. This situation if equals, reduces firm performance as in that respect would be no one to retard the watchers (Zubaidah 2009). Independency of directors yet another variable to reduce confiscation of shareholders rights as unconditiona l directors would work in the best interest of the shareholders. The more the independent directors in the board, higher lead be the performance of the firm (Zubaidah 2009).Upcoming sections are composed as Next section reviews the literature regarding the variables of corporate governance and performance measure. and so on that point comes the methodology section followed by the findings and results with conclusion at the end. Review of Literature Enormous studies empirically investigated the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance regarding various types of industries and across the world. Insurance industry is one of the financial sectors of both economy and it continuously gaining importance in Pakistan.Likewise, the issues of governing corporate bodies are raised during practices, the reason the study intends to check impact of corporate governance on the firm performance in the insurance industry of Pakistan. A number of studies used ROE and ROA as a measure of performance while checking for the impact of corporate governance on these variables. Naser Najjar (2012) found that there does not exist any significant association between CEO Duality as a measure of corporate governance and Return on Equity (ROE) as a performance measure.Masood Fooladi Chaghadari (2011) found negative relation between CEO Duality and firm performance which regularises virtually the fact that if a single someone acts as CEO and Chairman of the board it will reduce the performance of a firm. The study of Sanjai Bhagat & Brian Bolton (2007) in any case suggests the corresponding results the separation of CEO and Chairman of the board is positively and significantly associated to the firm performance. Anthony Kyereboah-Coleman (International Conference on Corporate Governance in Emerging Markets) in his study found that CEO duality has negatively relationship with the firm performance.Sanjai Bhagat & Brian Bolton (2007) found very interestingly the negative relationship of board independence with operating(a) performance and made it relevant that with respect to the board independence which received corporate governance listing requirement from NYSE and NASDAQ. Masood Fooladi Chaghadari (2011) found negative relation of leverage with ROA and positive relation of the same variable with ROE. Anthony Kyereboah-Coleman (International Conference on Corporate Governance in Emerging Markets) in any case found negative relation of leverage with Return on Assets. Methodology I. Sample DataThe study initially undertook data of randomly selected 27 insurance companies of Pakistan from 2007-2011 making up 135 observations out of which 3 companies showed incomplete information due to which they were excluded from the study and 13 observations were missing in the data. The study then includes 107 observations. Data is collected from Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) and websites of insurance companies. Current study has used Pooled Ordinary Lea st Square (POLS) regression method to regress the data collected to fulfill the objective of measuring impact of corporate governance on firm performance. II. cases In order to measure the firm performance the current study uses 4 different measures viz. Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Market to Book ratio (MB ratio), and Price Earnings ratio (PE ratio) and variables Board Size (BS), Institutional Shareholding ratio (ISH ratio), CEO duality (CEOD) and Board Independence as corporate governance variables while Leverage ratio (LEV) and immobile Size (FS) are controlled and included in the computer simulations as follow- Perf(ROA) jit = ? 0 + BS jit? 1 + ISH jit? 2 + CEODjit? 3 + IDjit? 4 + LEVjit? 5 + FSjit? 6 + ? Perf(ROE) jit = ? 0 + BSjit? 1 + ISHjit? 2 + CEODjit? + IDjit? 4 + LEVjit? 5 + FSjit? 6 + ? Perf(MB) jit = ? 0 + BSjit? 1 + ISHjit? 2 + CEODjit? 3 + IDjit? 4 + LEVjit? 5 + FSjit? 6 + ? Perf(PE)jit = ? 0 + BSjit? 1 + ISHjit? 2 + CEODjit? 3 + IDjit? 4 + LEVji t? 5 + FSjit? 6 + ? Where Perfjit= unanimous Performance measured by ROA, ROE, MB, and PE ratios form firm j, ith observation at time t. ?0= the intercept. BS = Board Size ISH = Institutional Shareholding CEOD = CEO Duality ID= Independent Directors LEV = Leverage Ratio FS = Firm Size ? = Stochastic disturbance term, and all the betas are coefficients of change rate in the variables against one unit increase.III. Variables translation shelve 1 AcronymVariable NameProxies Dependent Variables ROAReturn on AssetsProfit Before Tax/Total Assets ROEReturn on EquityEarnings Available to shareowner/Total Equity MBMarket to Book ratioMarket footing Per Share/Book value Per Share PEPrice Earnings ratioMarket price Per Share/Earning Per Share Independent Variables BSBoard SizeNumber of Directors in the Board of Directors ISHInstitutional ShareholdingPercentage shares held by Institutional Investors CEODCEO DualityDummy variable, equals to 1 if CEO and Chairman is the same person or 0 othe rwise.IDIndependent DirectorsThe ratio of no(prenominal) of Independent Directors/Total Number of Directors in the Board of Directors LEVLeverage ratioTotal Debt/Total Assets FSFirm SizeNatural Log of Total Assets Results give in 2 discusses the descriptive statistics of all the variables including dependent variables Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Market to Book ratio (MB), and Price Earnings ratio (PE). The mean value of PE 5. 134 is less as compared to the other dependent variables which denote the lower earnings gained by insurance companies as compared to the mean value of ROE which is 12. 91 which is almost double and depicts the picture that insurance companies earn more on equity. BS mean value 10. 654 shows that on average nearly 11 numbers of directors is part of the board having a standard deviation of 1. 108. On the average 40. 489% of all the issued share of an insurance company are held by institutional investors with a standard deviation of 6. 333%. The ratio of CEOD in the insurance industry of Pakistan is 0. 477 which expresses that on the average there are 47. 7% companies where CEO and Chairman is the same individual.The mean value of ID, 0. 425 tells about the average ratio of board independence in an insurance company in Pakistan. Leverage value of 0. 581 shows that on average an insurance company employs 58. 1% debt in the jacket crown structure ratio. Table 2 Descriptive Statistics MeanMinimumMaximumStd. Deviation ROA9. 631-25. 63852. 78320. 035 ROE12. 791-53. 85989. 36936. 980 MB5. 1343. 427. 781. 456 PE10. 3428. 716. 62. 059 BS10. 6549121. 108 FS16. 72916. 17917. 2130. 288 ISH40. 48931. 23053. 9306. 333 CEOD0. 477010. 502 ID0. 4250. 2220. 6670. 091 LEV0. 5810. 3990. 6930. 073Table 3 feigns summary tells about the R-Square(s), adjust R-Square(s) and the Durbin-Watson value which tell about the fact that is there any auto-correlation problem? The calculated values for the copys individually tell that there is not au to-correlation problem as all the values are in the range 1. 5-2. 5. Adjusted R-Square of feigning 4(PE) is largest 0. 897 which tells that all the covariates explain the model by 89. 7%, while the Adjusted R-Squared value of model 3 is smallest 0. 722 which explains about 72. 2% of the model. Table 3 Models Summary ModelRR SquareAdjusted R SquareStd.Error of the EstimateDurbin-Watson 1 (ROA)0. 9370. 8770. 8707. 22601. 913 2 (ROE)0. 8620. 7430. 72819. 3001. 982 3 (MB)0. 8590. 7380. 7220. 7681. 907 4 (PE)0. 9500. 9020. 8970. 6622. 257 Table 4 tells about the individual significance of the four models used in the study. The F-value of model ROA is 119. 139 and p-value is 0. 000 which tells that the model is significant, while the F-value for model ROE is 48. 189 and p-value is 0. 000 which is significant. F-value of model MB is 48. 863 and p-value is 0. 000 which is again significant and the model PE is also significant as the p-value for that model is 0. 00. All the models are signi ficant at 5% level of significance. Table 4 ANOVA Model Sum of SquaresdfMean SquareFSig. 1 (ROA)Regression37325. 50766220. 918119. 1390. 000 Residual5221. 53310052. 215 Total42547. 040106 2 (ROE)Regression107706. 536617951. 08948. 1890. 000 Residual37250. 738100372. 507 Total144957. 274106 3 (MB)Regression165. 773627. 62946. 8630. 000 Residual58. 9571000. 590 Total224. 730106 4 (PE)Regression405. 554667. 592154. 0760. 000 Residual43. 8701000. 439 Total449. 424106 Table 5 narrates the Pearson correlation coefficients for the model 1 where the dependent variable is ROA.Institutional Shareholding has the largest coefficient 0. 845 which means that it has a strong positive relationship with Return on Assets. Firm size also has significantly positive relation with the return on assets. Board size unexpectedly showed a very weak relationship with the return on assets, the coefficient is 0. 048. CEO duality is another case which has a weak positive relationship with ROA, the coefficient of CEOD and ROA is 0. 034. The empirical evidence shows that there is negative relation between firm size, institutional shareholding, leverage and board size either the relations among these variables are not strong.Leverage also have negative but near to zero relation to the firm size. Board independence (ID) is also negatively associated to the institutional shareholding. Table 5 Pearson Correlation ROABSFSISHCEODIDLEV ROA1 BS0. 0481 FS0. 556-0. 0451 ISH0. 845-0. 2130. 3911 CEOD0. 0340. 2140. 0360. 0921 ID0. 2360. 0750. 707-0. 097-0. 0301 LEV0. 441-0. 010-0. 0010. 425-0. 321-0. 1531 Table 6 discusses the regression coefficients when the dependent variable is ROA. The results show that all the coefficients are significant except the firm size and CEO duality.Firm size has negative relation with the return on assets which is consistent with the literature. CEOD has negative impact on the firm performance when it is measured by ROA the results are not significant but support the liter ature. While, Board Size (BS), Institutional Shareholding (ISH), Independent Directors (ID), and Leverage has positive impact on firm performance. There is no multi-col rootagearity problem with the variables as suggested by the VIF values. Table 6 Coefficients ModelVariablesUnstandardized Coefficients Standardized CoefficientstSig.Collinearity Statistics BetaStd. ErrorBeta ToleranceVIF 1(Constant)-179. 18670. 247 -2. 5510. 012** BS4. 1100. 6870. 2275. 9850. 000*0. 8501. 176 FS-0. 8464. 625-0. 012-0. 1830. 8550. 2783. 595 ISH2. 8300. 1730. 89516. 4020. 000*0. 4132. 424 CEOD-2. 2511. 620-0. 056-1. 3900. 168***0. 7461. 341 ID71. 95713. 3210. 3275. 4020. 000*0. 3342. 993 LEV26. 02312. 1630. 0952. 1400. 035**0. 6201. 613 Dependent Variable ROA. *, **, *** show 1%, 5% and 10% significance level respectively. Table 7 discusses the Pearson correlation coefficients now taking Return on Equity as dependent variable.Again consistent with the previous model, Institutional Shareholding has the largest coefficient which shows a strong relation of ISH with ROE. COED has the smallest coefficient but has positive association with the ROE. BS has negative relation with Firm size, ISH and Leverage which in line with the literature. Independent directors ratio is negatively associated to the ISH but has a weaker relationship. ID has also inverse relation with leverage and also has weak relation. Table 7 Pearson Correlations ROEBSFSISHCEODIDLEV ROE1 BS0. 0531 FS0. 485-0. 0451 ISH0. 739-0. 2130. 3911 CEOD0. 0190. 2140. 0360. 0921ID0. 2890. 0750. 707-0. 097-0. 0301 LEV0. 371-0. 010-0. 0010. 425-0. 321-0. 1531 The results of some of the variables are now different form the results of the previous model where dependent variable was ROA. In the table 8, the dependent variable is Return on Equity (ROE), the reason why leverage has become insignificant. Board size, Firm size, Institutional Shareholding, and Independent directors ratio are the statistically significant variables. While C OED and Leverage are insignificant but both have positive impact on firm performance. The Institutional Shareholding has largest beta coefficient of 0. 20 which means every 1% increase in Institutional Shareholding will increase firm performance by 0. 920. CEOD has negative impact on firm performance which is consistent with the findings of Masood Fooladi Chaghadari (2011). VIF values depict the absence of multi-collinearity problem in the variables. Table 8 Coefficients Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized CoefficientstSig. Collinearity Statistics BetaStd. ErrorBeta ToleranceVIF 2(Constant)138. 509187. 627 0. 7380. 462 BS7. 1561. 8340. 2143. 9020. 000*0. 8501. 176 FS-31. 18112. 354-0. 243-2. 5240. 013**0. 2783. 595 ISH5. 3790. 4610. 92111. 6720. 00*0. 4132. 424 CEOD-5. 4804. 326-0. 074-1. 2670. 208***0. 7461. 341 ID218. 28535. 5810. 5386. 1350. 000*0. 3342. 993 LEV20. 27232. 4860. 0400. 6240. 5340. 6201. 613 Dependent Variable ROE. *, **, *** show 1%, 5% and 10% significa nce level respectively. pursuant(predicate) with previous models, Institutional shareholding ratio has largest coefficient which strong relationship with firm performance. Board size, CEO duality and independent directors ratio found to have negative but weak relation with firm performance in this model. Independent directors ratio has negative association with Institutional shareholding.Independent directors ratio is negatively associated to the leverage ratio also. Firm size has strong positive relation with independent directors ratio the correlation coefficient between these two variables is 0. 770. Table 9 Correlations MBBSFSISHCEODIDLEV MB1 BS-0. 0411 FS0. 005-0. 0451 ISH0. 624-0. 2130. 3911 CEOD-0. 2240. 2140. 0360. 0921 ID-0. 0310. 0750. 770-0. 097-0. 0301 LEV0. 375-0. 010-0. 0010. 425-0. 321-0. 1531 In Table 10 dependent variable is Market to Book ratio. In this model Firm Size (FS), COE Duality and Leverage have negative but significant impact on firm performance.Variable s Board Size, Institutional Shareholding and Independent Directors ratio have positive and significant impact on firm performance. Negative coefficient of FS -0. 927 means every unit increase in firm size will lead to -0. 927 times decrease in firm performance. The results are consistent with the previous literature. VIF statistics show that there is no multi-collinearity problem. Table 10 Coefficients Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized CoefficientstSig. Collinearity Statistics BetaStd. ErrorBeta ToleranceVIF 3(Constant)67. 2377. 464 9. 0080. 000* BS0. 2590. 0730. 1973. 5540. 001*0. 501. 176 FS-4. 6920. 491-0. 927-9. 5470. 000*0. 2783. 595 ISH0. 2740. 0181. 19014. 9240. 000*0. 4132. 424 CEOD-1. 0680. 172-0. 368-6. 2070. 000*0. 7461. 341 ID11. 0621. 4160. 6927. 8140. 000*0. 3342. 993 LEV-2. 8151. 292-0. 142-2. 1790. 032**0. 6201. 613 Dependent Variable MB. *, **, *** show 1%, 5% and 10% significance level respectively. In table 11, dependent variable is Price Earnings rat io and it shows the Pearson Correlation coefficients. Inconsistent with the previous models, Institutional Shareholding has negative and strong relationship with Price Earnings (a measure of firm performance).In this model Leverage also has strong negative relationship with firm performance. Firm Size, ISH, and LEV are negatively associated with Board Size. But only the leverage has negative relation with Firm size, CEO duality and Independent Directors ratio. Independent Directors ratio has strongly positive relationship of 0. 707 with Firm size. Table 11 Pearson Correlations PEBSFSISHCEODIDLEV PE1 BS0. 0531 FS0. 406-0. 0451 ISH-0. 582-0. 2130. 3911 CEOD-0. 1050. 2140. 0360. 0921. 0 ID0. 6680. 0750. 707-0. 097-0. 0301 LEV-0. 575-0. 010-0. 0010. 425-0. 321-0. 1531In table 12 all the independent variables are significant except for Board Size, the only variable which is insignificant but is negatively associated to the firm performance. This is also consistent with previous literatur e. Values of VIF tell about the absence of multi-collinearity in the variables. Table 12 Coefficients ModelUnstandardized CoefficientsStandardized CoefficientstSig. Collinearity Statistics BetaStd. ErrorBeta ToleranceVIF 4(Constant)-38. 3486. 439 -5. 9560. 000* BS-0. 0720. 063-0. 039-1. 1460. 2550. 8501. 176 FS3. 6760. 4240. 5148. 6700. 000*0. 2783. 595 ISH-0. 2000. 016-0. 615-12. 6330. 00*0. 4132. 424 CEOD-0. 6570. 148-0. 160-4. 4250. 000*0. 7461. 341 ID4. 3461. 2210. 1923. 5590. 001**0. 3342. 993 LEV-9. 4391. 115-0. 336-8. 4670. 000*0. 6201. 613 Dependent Variable PE. *, **, *** show 1%, 5% and 10% significance level respectively. Conclusion Corporate governance plays a pivotal role in the performance of Insurance Companies. There are different statutory bodies in different countries which control and ensure the best practices in the corporations like in Pakistan Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan is responsible for monitoring and controlling such practices in the corp orations.This study finds that Board Size (BS), Institutional Shareholding (ISH) and Independent Directors ratio have positive and significant impact on corporate governance. The reasons are if Board size is large, the board has genus Phalluss having diverse background, more viewpoints, and competitive and go through individuals which lead towards right decision making and towards better performance as compared to the industry norms. Institutional investors have more interest in the investment and management skills which adds to the performance of the firm.The more the Independent Directors in the board, the more the transparency and integrity which ultimately leads towards enhanced performance. CEO duality have negative impact on the firm performance due to reason that inefficiencies and mismanagement in the operations is not watched by any independent person which make the performance of the company worse. The study also finds that Firm Size and Leverage also have negative impac t on firm performance. As the size of the firm increases due to the reason of diseconomies of scale it puts worse impact on the financial performance of the firm.For the future research, scholars may increase the sample size to get more generalized results and there should be included more corporate governance variables like family ownership, concentration, directors remuneration and many others. References Najjar, Naser (2012). The Impact of Corporate Governance on the Insurance Firms Performance in Bahrain. International Journal of Learning & victimisation ISSN 2164-4063 2012, Vol. 2, No. 2 Zubaidah Z. A. , Kamaruzaman J. and Nurmala M. K. (2009). Board structure and corporate performance in Malaysia.International Journal of Economic and pay 1(1) 150-164. Williams S. M. and Ho C. A. (2003). International relative digest of the Association between Board Structure and the efficiency of Value Added by a Firm from its Physical Capital and Intellectual Capital Resources. The Intern ational Journal of Accounting 38(4)465-491. Ming-Cheng Wu, Hsin-Chiang Lin, I-Cheng Lin, Chun-Feng Lai. The Effects of Corporate Governance on Firm Performance. Chaghadari, Masood Fooladi (2011). Corporate Governance and FirmPerformance 2011 International Conference on Sociality and Economics Development IPEDR vol. 10 (2011) (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore Bhagat, Sanjai and Bolton, Brian (2007). Corporate Governance And Firm Performance. Kajola, Sunday O (2008). Corporate Governance and Firm Performance The Case of Nigerian Listed Firms. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science ISSN 1450-2275 bring on 14 (2008) D. N. Ranasinghe (2010). Composition and Configuration of the Board and Firm Performance in Financial Services Industry in Sri Lanka. DSM Business Review v Vol. , No. 2 (December, 2010) Anthony Kyereboah-Coleman (2007). CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND FIRM performance IN AFRICA A DYNAMIC PANEL DATA ANALYSIS. International Conference on Corporate Governance in Emerging Markets. 15th -17th November, 2007, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey Shaheen, Rozina and Nishat, Dr. Mohammed. Corporate Governance and Firm Performance- An Exploratory Analysis. Nittayagasetwat, Aekkachai and Nittayagasetwat, Wiyada (2009) Empirical Analysis of Corporate Governance The Impact on Firm Performance The Case of Thailand. Patibandla, Murali (2001). Equity Pattern, Corporate Governance and Performance A Study of Indias Corporate empyrean. J. Bacon (1973). Corporate directorship practice, member and committees of the board. New York The conference board. Sanjai Bhagat, Brian Bolton (2008). Corporate governance and firm performance. Journal of Corporate Finance 14 (2008) 257273 Alon Brav, Wei Jiang, Frank Partnoy, Randall Thomas (2006). Hedge Fund Activism, Corporate Governance, and Firm Performance. Malik, Hifza (2011). DETERMINANTS OF INSURANCE COMPANIES favourableness AN ANALYSIS OF INSURANCE SECTOR OF PAKISTAN.Volume 1, Issue 3, November 201 Naveed Ah med, Zulfqar Ahmed, Ahmad Usman (2011). Determinants of Performance A Case of Life Insurance Sector of Pakistan. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics ISSN 1450-2887 Issue 61 (2011). Al-Shami, Hamdan Ahmad (2008). Determinants of Insurance companies profitability in UAE. Narjess Boubakri, Jean-Claude Cosset, and Omrane Guedhami (2001). Liberalization, Corporate Governance, and the Performance of Newly Privatized Firm. William Davidson Institute Working Paper 419 Stuart Kells and Mark Rogers (1997). Executive remuneration, board structure, corporate strategy and firm performance A taste of the literature. ISSN 1328-4991, ISBN 0 7325 0955 6 Kader Sahin, Cigdem Sahin Basfirinci2 and Aygun Ozsalih (2011). 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Guyana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Guyana - Essay ExampleThe more numerous coastal peoples atomic number 18 mainly descendants of slaves from Africa and indentured workers from India, who were originally imported to work the coastal sugarcane plantations. Racial problems between the latter(prenominal) two groups have played a disruptive role in Guyanese society. Politically, Guyana has moved on a steady course toward socialism from the time of independence, although after the death of the first prime minister, Forbes Burnham, in 1985, ties with wattern powers were strengthened (Encyclopdia Britannica, 2006)Moreover, Guyana is a democratic republic within the British Commonwealth. The nation is divided into 10 regions. The president, currently Bharrat Jagdeo, who serves as chief of state. The prime minister (Samuel Hinds) is appointed by the president and is head of government. wholly but 3 of the 68-seat National Assembly members are directly elected. The population of Guyana is estimated to be about 767,245.1 ex patriation has kept the annual population growth rate well below 1 percent. About 37 percent of the population lives in urban areas, the largest of which are Georgetown, Linden, and New Amsterdam. The villages and fertile acres of the coastal lowlands are home to another 58 percent. The remaining 5 percent, mostly indigenous people, is scattered throughout the interior.As the country prides its ethnically diverse heritage, Guyanas largest group is made up of descendants of the East Indian immigrants and comprises most 50 percent of the countrys population. Next are the Afro-Guyanese (36 percent) and the Statesn Indian indigenous peoples (7 percent).2 The remainder includes people of manifold race as well as small groups of ethnic Chinese, English, and Portuguese. Guyana is the third-smallest country in South the States after Suriname and Uruguay, and substantial portions of its western and eastern territories are claimed by Venezuela and Suriname respectively.Warrau and Arawak Cat holics fled to British Guiana from Venezuela in the 19th carbon to escape religious persecution. Their settlements, such as Santa Rosa, are protected reservations. Todays indigenous peoples are seeking form of address to the lands they occupy, as they feel increasingly threatened by local and international companies looking for mineral and step wealth. At the same time, many indigenous people are taking jobs with these companies in hopes of overcoming poverty on the reservations (Daly 1975, p. 6).Little is known about the Guyanas early inhabitants, but historians speculate they gradually migrated from central South America as early as A.D. 1000. These people were divided into at least nine tribes, including the Warrau, Wapisiana, Machushi, Patamona, Arawak, and Carib. Before the arriver of Europeans, Carib and Arawak tribes called their region as Guiana, which means land of waters (CultureGrams, 2006).The Dutch established the first European employment post in Guyana in 1580 and were soon joined by the English, French, and Spanish. In 1621, the Netherlands established the Dutch West India Company and gave it control of their colony, known as Essequibo. Dutch colonies were later established on the Berbice River (1627) and Demerara

The External Environment of Microsoft Inc. (Computer Operating System Research Paper

The External Environment of Microsoft Inc. (Computer Operating System Industry) - Research Paper ensampleIt has been ranked 37th in the Fortune 500 list in 2012 (Fortune 500). industrial Structure As mentioned earlier Microsoft Corp. operates in the parcel manufacturing globally. This industry mainly consists of the IT industry, the Software industry and the Internet Software and Services industry. If we look at the global software system package industry it mainly comprises of natural covering software, software for home entertainment and systems software. The global IT Services industry is not that relevant to Microsoft because it comprises of the data bear upon and outsourcing market place. The internet software and services industry mainly comprises of the organizations which develop and market internet software and offer internet services related to interactive services and online databases. There has been a invoketh of around 7% in the global systems software market i n the year 2010. It is expected that the market value of this industrial sector would increase by around 31% in 2015 since the year 2010. Operating systems software tolerate be regarded as the largest segment related to the global systems software industry and accounts for a signifi arset distribute of the industrys total market value in the world. If we look at the geographical segmentation of the industry it can be found that the Asia-Pacific region accounts for the maximum share of the market value in the world. Microsoft Corporation is considered to be the leading player in this industry and accounts for the maximum share of the market value. Overall the market for systems software is fragmented which results in intensifying rivalry amongst the competitors. Dominant Economic Traits Some of the dominant economic features of the systems software industry are discussed below a. Market Size and Growth Rate There has been a unceasing growth in the global systems software market in the recent years and it is expected to grow at a same pace in the forthcoming years as well. The total tax generated by the global systems software market was around $198 billion in the year 2010 which represented a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 5.4% in between the years 2006 and 2010. The most paying(a) segment of the market in 2010 was the Operations Systems software market which accounted for almost 37.5% of the total revenue generated in the market. b. Scope of Competitive Rivalry Most of the companies in the software systems industry operate their business activities in different areas of the world. The majority of the market value for this industrial sector is concentrated in the Operating Systems software market. Of all the areas in the world, Asia-Pacific region accounts for most of the revenues generated in the global systems software market. Microsoft Corp. is the leading player in this industrial sector and since the market is fragmented it results in enh ancing the rivalry amongst the competitors. c. Number of Rivals Overall the systems software market is fragmented in nature. However, only a small number of large multinational companies like Microsoft, IBM,